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Aria, clima, elettrificazione, acque e biodiversità. 38832 articoli raccolti da fonti istituzionali e specializzate, classificati per area ambientale e linkati al porto di riferimento.

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Contship s’impegna per la decarbonizzazione: a La Spezia in servizio trattore elettrico - Messaggero Marittimo
📰 Messaggero Marittimo 📅 2026-06-03 📍 La Spezia it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Contship s’impegna per la decarbonizzazione: a La Spezia in servizio trattore elettrico Messaggero Marittimo
LA SPEZIA – Un nuovo passo verso la transizione energetica delle attività portuali. Il Gruppo Contship Italia ha introdotto il primo trattore elettrico presso il La Spezia Container Terminal (LSCT), aggiungendo un ulteriore tassello al percorso di innovazione tecnologica e sostenibilità avviato nello scalo spezzino. Il nuovo mezzo, a zero emissioni locali, sarà utilizzato da Hannibal per le attività di navettaggio interno al terminal e rappresenta un progetto pilota finalizzato a valutare la progressiva elettrificazione della flotta di trattori di banchina. L’obiettivo è ridurre le emissioni dirette di gas serra (Scope 1) generate dalle operazioni portuali, contribuendo al processo di decarbonizzazione delle attività del Gruppo. L’impiego di trattori elettrici nei terminal container presenta caratteristiche particolarmente favorevoli. Operando all’interno di aree circoscritte e in prossimità delle stazioni di ricarica, questi mezzi consentono di ottimizzare i cicli di lavoro. Inoltre, le frequenti fasi di arresto e ripartenza permettono di sfruttare al meglio la frenata rigenerativa, migliorando l’efficienza energetica e riducendo i consumi durante le operazioni di movimentazione dei container. Accanto ai benefici ambientali, il nuovo trattore garantisce anche vantaggi operativi. La riduzione della rumorosità e delle vibrazioni contribuisce infatti a migliorare le condizioni di lavoro degli operatori, aumentando sicurezza, comfort e produttività. L’investimento è stato cofinanziato nell’ambito del progetto “Green Ports PNRR” attraverso un bando promosso dall’Autorità di Sistema portuale del Mar Ligure Orientale. L’iniziativa si inserisce nel programma nazionale “Porti verdi: interventi di energia rinnovabile ed efficienza energetica nei porti”, finanziato dall’Unione Europea tramite le risorse del Next Generation EU e finalizzato alla riduzione delle emissioni di CO₂ e al miglioramento della qualità dell’aria nelle aree portuali. L’iniziativa si inserisce in un più ampio programma di modernizzazione avviato da Contship nello scalo spezzino, che comprende interventi di digitalizzazione dei processi, investimenti infrastrutturali e il progressivo rinnovamento delle attrezzature operative. Un percorso che punta a coniugare competitività, efficienza e sostenibilità, rafforzando il ruolo del porto della Spezia come laboratorio di innovazione per la logistica e il trasporto marittimo. LEGGI ANCHE:
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Zinus AS To Supply Cable Management Systems For MOWI Harvest Vessel Shore Power - Ocean News & Technology
📰 Ocean News & Technology 📅 2026-06-03 en Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Zinus AS To Supply Cable Management Systems For MOWI Harvest Vessel Shore Power Ocean News & Technology
The Zinus delivery consists of two ZPP115 cable management systems to be installed at the quay facility. Delivery is scheduled for summer 2026. For Zinus, the flexibility of the cable management system is a key aspect of the project. “The ZPP115 is designed to ensure stable and user-friendly operation while offering a highly flexible solution in daily use. This is important in an environment where different vessels must operate efficiently and safely at the same quay. We are very proud to deliver solutions to the aquaculture industry and to the world’s largest harvest vessels. This is a market we see as highly important for Zinus going forward,” said Andreas Södergran, Sales Manager Norway at Zinus AS. The Zinus cable management system is designed to support different vessel types and operational requirements and will be integrated as part of the overall shore power solution at the facility. The system will also be integrated with the plant’s supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for real-time monitoring and safe, stable operation. “This is an exciting project combining modern industry, sustainability, and future-oriented energy solutions. Together with Zinus and the other project partners, we look forward to delivering a robust and efficient solution for MOWI’s facility at Jøsnøya,” said Kristian Haug Flakk at JM Hansen. MOWI’s facility at Jøsnøya is one of the world’s most modern salmon processing plants, and the project represents an important step forward in developing more sustainable infrastructure for the aquaculture industry.
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Green light for North Sea ops with Odfjell Drilling’s rig
📰 Offshore Energy Media 📅 2026-06-03 en Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Norwegian authorities have approved drilling activities that Norway’s oil and gas player Aker BP is planning to undertake in the North Sea on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), with a rig owned by Odfjell Drilling, an offshore drilling contractor. The post Green light for North Sea ops with Odfjell Drilling’s rig appeared first on Offshore Energy .
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Hydrogen afloat shore power hub validated - WorldCargo News
📰 WorldCargo News 📅 2026-06-03 en Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Hydrogen afloat shore power hub validated WorldCargo News
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Techno-economic feasibility of electrification for short sea shipping - Nature
📰 Nature 📅 2026-06-03 en Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Techno-economic feasibility of electrification for short sea shipping Nature
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Terenghi (Edison): “Se la transizione è un investimento” - la Repubblica
📰 la Repubblica Media 📅 2026-06-03 it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing Rumore · acque · biodiversità
Terenghi (Edison): “Se la transizione è un investimento” la Repubblica
Sostenibilità come leva industriale per orientare strategia e investimenti. È su questo approccio che Edison ha costruito il proprio posizionamento, con una strategia definita dal management, approvata dal CdA e condivisa con gli stakeholder. I risultati mostrano coerenza tra piano industriale e obiettivi ambientali, sociali e di governance (Esg): la trasformazione del portafoglio ha rafforzato le performance e consolidato il ruolo nella transizione energetica. Gli investimenti si attestano tra 1 e 1,5 miliardi l’anno, in larga parte allineati agli Obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile (SDGs), con un target dell’85% al 2030.Nel 2025 le rinnovabili hanno registrato una crescita degli investimenti superiore al 90%, con 200 MW entrati in esercizio. Il trend prosegue nel 2026: più di 160 MW di nuovi cantieri già avviati per circa 215 milioni di investimenti e oltre 170 MW completati e pronti a entrare in marcia entro giugno. "La sostenibilità è diventata un fattore strutturale di competitività", osserva Barbara Terenghi, direttrice Sostenibilità. "La sfida è integrare gli obiettivi Esg nelle strategie industriali e finanziarie, rendendoli coerenti con crescita e creazione di valore". La strategia si articola su tre direttrici. La prima è lo sviluppo della capacità rinnovabile e della flessibilità: 4 GW al 2030. "Oltre metà dei nostri investimenti è concentrata sulla generazione green: sviluppo di nuova capacità, ottimizzazione degli impianti esistenti (repowering) e infrastrutture di flessibilità", aggiunge Terenghi. In questo ambito rientra il piano sui pompaggi idroelettrici, con 5 progetti in sviluppo al Sud. Il potenziale italiano stimato, nello studio congiunto Edison–The European House – Ambrosetti, è di 13,6 GW, nell’ipotesi di realizzare 56 nuovi impianti in aree già infrastrutturate o prossime a bacini esistenti, per un impatto economico di circa 110 miliardi. La seconda direttrice riguarda la sicurezza degli approvvigionamenti gas e lo sviluppo dei gas verdi. Edison punta su Gnl, biometano, BioGnl e idrogeno per sostituire i combustibili fossili nei processi industriali energivori e nei trasporti pesanti. Il gruppo è tra i principali operatori nel biometano, con 8 impianti tra Italia e Spagna, e rafforza la filiera con accordi industriali come quello con Verdalia per la produzione destinata ai trasporti.Infine, il fronte clienti e servizi, dove la sostenibilità si traduce in applicazioni concrete. Attraverso Edison Energia ed Edison Next, il gruppo accompagna imprese, PA e famiglie nella transizione con soluzioni per efficienza, autoproduzione e decarbonizzazione. È il caso dell’impianto Michelin di Cuneo, dove tecnologie avanzate riducono consumi ed emissioni di CO2. Edison Next gestisce 70 siti industriali, 2.500 strutture pubbliche e private e oltre 300 Comuni, offrendo servizi di efficienza e pubblica illuminazione con interventi di riqualificazione ed elettrificazione che riducono consumi e impatto carbonico.Per famiglie e clienti, Edison Energia ha sviluppato dal 2021 modelli di autoconsumo collettivo (Auc) tramite impianti fotovoltaici condominiali, favorendo autoproduzione e uso di energia rinnovabile. "Generare energia significa creare valore condiviso per territori e clienti, accompagnandoli nella transizione con servizi sempre più personalizzati", conclude Terenghi. Non solo Edison investe in soluzioni per i clienti, si impegna anche a minimizzare l’impatto delle proprie attività nella prospettiva di migliorare le condizioni ambientali e di biodiversità dei siti in cui opera, salvaguardando l’habitat: ad esempio, nel caso dell’impianto fotovoltaico di Aidone in Sicilia sono stati piantumati 17 ettari con 10.600 ulivi, o ancora intorno alla centrale di ultima generazione a Presenzano su un’area di oltre 3 ettari sono stati messi a dimora 1.000 arbusti.
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Los tres grandes del sistema portuario español encaran la competencia por la carga china con corredores verdes en distintos grados de madurez - El Estrecho Digital
📰 El Estrecho Digital 📅 2026-06-02 📍 Ningbo es Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Los tres grandes del sistema portuario español encaran la competencia por la carga china con corredores verdes en distintos grados de madurez El Estrecho Digital
La pugna entre los grandes puertos españoles por atraer carga procedente de Asia está dejando de ser únicamente una competencia comercial para convertirse en una reorganización del sistema portuario alrededor de la descarbonización, la oferta energética en muelle y la capacidad de transformar memorandos en operativas medibles. Los acuerdos firmados por las autoridades portuarias de Valencia, Barcelona y Algeciras con socios chinos —Ningbo-Zhoushan en los casos valenciano y algecireño, y Shanghái en el caso catalán— configuran un mapa en el que cada recinto trata de hacer valer su estructura de negocio, su hinterland y su grado de madurez tecnológica para captar tráficos asiáticos en un entorno regulatorio europeo cada vez más exigente. El marco normativo que está acelerando estas decisiones combina presión global y obligaciones inmediatas en la Unión Europea. La Estrategia de 2023 de la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) establece, entre otros elementos, una reducción de la intensidad de carbono del transporte marítimo internacional de al menos el 40% para 2030 y una penetración de tecnologías, combustibles y fuentes de energía de emisiones nulas o casi nulas de al menos el 5%, con aspiración al 10%, también para 2030. El marco de cero emisiones netas aprobado en principio por el MEPC 83 en abril de 2025 no quedó formalmente adoptado en octubre de ese año y las discusiones han continuado en 2026, de modo que la trayectoria de descarbonización está marcada, pero su aterrizaje jurídico sigue abierto. La presión económica que ya pagan hoy las navieras que escalan en Europa procede sobre todo de la normativa comunitaria. Desde enero de 2024, el EU ETS cubre las emisiones de CO₂ de los grandes buques de más de 5.000 GT que entran en puertos de la UE: el 50% de las emisiones de trayectos extracomunitarios y el 100% de las emisiones entre puertos comunitarios y durante la estancia en puerto. El sistema se implanta de manera gradual, con entrega de derechos por el 40% de las emisiones reportadas en 2024, el 70% de las de 2025 y el 100% a partir de 2027. A ello se suma FuelEU Maritime, aplicable desde 2025, que obliga a reducir la intensidad de gases de efecto invernadero de la energía usada a bordo en escalones quinquenales, desde un 2% en 2025 hasta un 80% en 2050, e impondrá desde 2030 el uso de OPS u otras tecnologías de cero emisiones en atraque para portacontenedores y buques de pasaje en los puertos cubiertos por AFIR. El reglamento prevé sanciones monetarias por déficits de cumplimiento y, en caso de incumplimientos reiterados, consecuencias que pueden llegar a la expulsión o restricción de acceso a puertos. El concepto de corredor marítimo verde nació en el contexto de la Clydebank Declaration de 2021 y se ha consolidado como instrumento para concentrar inversión, coordinación público-privada y decisiones tecnológicas en rutas concretas entre dos o más puertos. Según el último informe anual del Global Maritime Forum, en noviembre de 2025 había 84 iniciativas activas de corredores verdes en el mundo. Un corredor verde no exime por sí mismo del cumplimiento de la normativa europea: lo que hace es reducir el riesgo de incumplimiento al alinear combustible, infraestructura, digitalización, escala comercial y planificación portuaria. La exención o el ahorro regulatorio no deriva del sello del corredor, sino de que el buque y la compañía bajen realmente su intensidad de emisiones o sustituyan energía fósil por combustibles y electricidad compatibles con FuelEU, EU ETS y, en su momento, el marco global de la OMI. Sobre ese trasfondo, Valenciaport llega a la carrera con una base comercial sólida. China fue su principal socio comercial en 2025 y el recinto cerró ese ejercicio con 5.662.661 TEUs, un 3,41% más que el año anterior. En los cuatro primeros meses de 2026, la Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia gestionó 25,5 millones de toneladas y 1.813.446 TEUs; los intercambios con China en ese periodo superaron los 3,3 millones de toneladas, un 23,78% más interanual, y alcanzaron 308.206 TEUs, un 25,25% más. El corredor con Ningbo-Zhoushan no se construye, por tanto, sobre un mercado hipotético, sino sobre una relación comercial ya masiva y en expansión. El rasgo distintivo del caso valenciano es que su proyecto con Ningbo-Zhoushan ha dado un paso que todavía no se aprecia con la misma nitidez en los demás recintos españoles: el tránsito de la declaración política a la operativa piloto. El 27 de mayo de 2026, Valenciaport informó de que ambas autoridades portuarias respaldaban el primer acuerdo operativo del corredor verde entre los dos puertos, vinculado al servicio marítimo Jade de MSC. En la alianza participan MSC, Senior Auto, el China Waterborne Transport Research Institute y la Fundación Valenciaport, con el objetivo de aterrizar el corredor mediante análisis de caso, cálculo de huella de carbono y definición de metas para los distintos eslabones de la cadena logística y marítima. La credibilidad de esa apuesta descansa en inversiones y proyectos ya en marcha. El programa OPS Valenciaport, cofinanciado por la Unión Europea y vigente hasta 2028, prevé desplegar suministro eléctrico a buques en tres terminales del puerto de Valencia y se ha presentado como la pieza con mayor capacidad de reducir la huella de carbono del recinto, aproximadamente un 40%. La Fundación Valenciaport cifró en torno a 80 millones de euros el presupuesto del proyecto. A ello se suma la adjudicación en Sagunto de una planta de combustibles renovables por 20 millones de euros y la concesión de dos nuevas autorizaciones para suministro de GNL a buques, además del crecimiento del tráfico ferroviario entre enero y abril de 2026, con 97.155 TEUs movidos por tren, un 21,69% más. El corredor valenciano se lee así no solo como asunto marítimo, sino como reconfiguración de toda la cadena puerto-hinterland. La estrategia del Puerto de Barcelona difiere en socio, en perfil de carga y en narrativa tecnológica. El acuerdo con Shanghai International Port Group se firmó el 4 de agosto de 2025 y busca intensificar la relación entre ambos puertos en digitalización, estandarización y descarbonización del transporte marítimo. El propio recinto catalán subraya que Shanghái es el mayor puerto de contenedores del mundo y que China es su principal socio comercial, origen de prácticamente el 50% de las importaciones que llegan al puerto. En 2025, China, Estados Unidos y Turquía fueron sus principales socios en mercancía contenerizada, con cuotas del 28%, 6% y 5%, respectivamente. Las estadísticas portuarias de 2026 ayudan a perfilar qué significa esa relación en términos de negocio. A cierre de abril, Barcelona acumulaba 1.266.611 TEUs, un 2,7% más que un año antes. En el tráfico full no transitado por países, China sumaba 148.105 TEUs, el 29,8% del total, y dominaba especialmente la descarga: 128.650 TEUs, el 51,2% de las unidades descargadas. Ese sesgo confirma que la relación de Barcelona con China es altamente importadora y encaja con la dimensión automovilística y de distribución de alto valor añadido que la autoridad portuaria ha querido dar al corredor con Shanghái. En 2025, el Puerto de Barcelona cerró con 3,7 millones de TEUs, un 4,2% menos que en 2024, pero los contenedores llenos de importación y exportación —los de mayor valor para un puerto gateway— crecieron un 4% y un 3%, respectivamente. El recinto catalán ha definido con mayor claridad que otros puertos qué «producto» quiere asociar a su corredor: digitalización y metanol verde, con atención particular a la automoción. El acuerdo firmado con SIPG contempla desarrollar un Green Shipping and Digital Corridor, con capacidades y regulación para suministrar esos combustibles en ambos puertos y ofrecer servicios marítimos de emisiones neutras entre Extremo Oriente y Mediterráneo. La plataforma de conocimiento PierNext, ligada al puerto, ha explicado que la ruta Barcelona-Shanghái se plantea alrededor de la eficiencia energética, la digitalización logística y el transporte de vehículos con metanol verde. Aunque la madurez operativa aún parece menos definida que en el caso valenciano, Barcelona ha encajado el corredor dentro de una estrategia más amplia de puerto inteligente, automoción y combustible alternativo. En infraestructura, el Puerto de Barcelona llega con activos visibles. En julio de 2024 inauguró en la terminal BEST el primer OPS para un muelle de contenedores de un puerto mediterráneo, dentro del plan Nexigen; en abril de 2025 puso en servicio el primer OPS para ferris en Grimaldi Terminal Barcelona; y su plan de electrificación supera los 200 millones de euros. Paralelamente, el puerto suministró en 2025 un total de 236.946 m³ de GNL como combustible marino, con 547 operaciones, e inició operativas de bunkering de bioGNL. El propio recinto ha señalado que en 2026 podrá suministrar metanol verde, y ya puede abastecer bioGNL o B100. Barcelona ha trabajado, por tanto, en tres capas a la vez: electrificación en atraque, combustible de transición y preparación para combustibles de menor huella. El caso de Algeciras requiere una lectura distinta porque compite con Valencia y Barcelona, pero no desde la misma estructura de negocio. El Puerto de Algeciras cerró 2025 con 100,7 millones de toneladas y 4,74 millones de TEUs, manteniéndose por encima de los 100 millones de toneladas por décimo año consecutivo. La APBA subrayó el crecimiento del import/export frente a un leve descenso del transbordo, junto con la fortaleza del ro-ro del Estrecho, cerca ya del medio millón de camiones anuales solo en la línea Algeciras-Tánger Med. El recinto andaluz llega a la agenda climática no solo como nodo de carga Asia-Europa, sino como gran hub de transbordo, puerta del Estrecho y plataforma de servicios al buque. La firma del corredor verde con Ningbo-Zhoushan se produjo la pasada semana, y se apoya en una relación previa entre ambos puertos que se remonta al memorando de entendimiento firmado en 2018 para fomentar los flujos comerciales entre el sur de Europa y Asia y compartir conocimiento sobre tecnologías aplicadas a la gestión portuaria. La información difundida tras la firma apuntó que Ningbo es el primer socio comercial de Algeciras en mercancía contenerizada y que el tráfico bilateral de contenedores había crecido con fuerza en el último año. Donde Algeciras presenta una ventaja operativa más tangible es en energía. En 2025 suministró 333.833 m³ de GNL a buques, con 78 operaciones ship-to-ship, situándose, según la APBA y GASNAM, a la cabeza de los puertos peninsulares y en el top tres europeo tras Róterdam y Marsella Fos. De ese volumen, 51.923 m³ fueron bioGNL, casi un 16% del total. A ello se añade una inversión prevista de 92 millones de euros en OPS para los muelles de Algeciras y Tarifa y la experiencia acumulada en el corredor verde y digital con Panamá, presentado en Bruselas en 2025, cuyo estudio de viabilidad estima un ahorro anual de 800.000 toneladas de CO₂ y que menciona expresamente biocombustibles, e-metanol, amoniaco, OPS y digitalización logística. El recinto algecireño todavía debe trasladar su acuerdo con Ningbo a una ruta concreta, pero ya cuenta con una base más madura en suministro energético al buque que en visibilidad comercial del servicio corridorizado. La comparación entre los tres puertos muestra que no todos compiten por lo mismo ni con la misma herramienta principal. Valencia está utilizando el corredor con Ningbo para asegurar su relación con el mayor mercado exterior de su comunidad portuaria y ha sido el primero en vincularlo a un servicio identificado, MSC Jade. Barcelona ha alineado su corredor con Shanghái con su especialización como puerto gateway de alto valor, muy dependiente de las importaciones chinas, y lo envuelve en una narrativa de digitalización, automoción y metanol verde. Algeciras, por su parte, hace valer su escala como hub, su conectividad del Estrecho y su posición de liderazgo en bunkering de GNL y bioGNL, lo que sugiere una estrategia más apoyada en servicios al buque, transbordo y fiabilidad de escala que en el patrón de hinterland que caracteriza a los otros dos. A junio de 2026, la descarbonización portuaria española está más desarrollada en OPS, GNL, bioGNL y biocombustibles que en un despliegue comercial masivo de metanol o amoniaco. Barcelona ya electrifica atraques y opera bioGNL, con metanol verde previsto para 2026; Algeciras lidera en GNL y bioGNL y despliega OPS; Valencia avanza con OPS, nuevas autorizaciones de GNL y una planta de combustibles renovables en Sagunto, mientras mantiene proyectos de investigación sobre metanol y amoniaco. La evidencia disponible indica que los corredores verdes españoles son hoy más una herramienta de coordinación y preparación de mercado que un producto plenamente descarbonizado en todas sus capas. Los corredores verdes coinciden en que no basta con disponer de un combustible en origen y destino: hace falta flota compatible, seguridad regulatoria, servicios de bunkering, digitalización, coordinación contractual y cargadores dispuestos a asumir el sobrecoste de la transición. El corredor se está convirtiendo, así, en un instrumento comercial además de climático. La carrera abierta entre Valencia, Barcelona y Algeciras no consiste solo en captar más mercancía asiática, sino en decidir qué puerto será el acceso más fiable, competitivo y climáticamente alineado para esa carga en una Europa donde el carbono ya tiene traducción económica directa.
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Book Review - BLUE BHARAT: India’s Voyage to a Resilient Ocean Economy - Marine News Magazine
📰 Marine News Magazine 📅 2026-06-02 en Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Book Review - BLUE BHARAT: India’s Voyage to a Resilient Ocean Economy Marine News Magazine
June 2, 2026 Image courtesy MarineLink.com Some books arrive as commentary;Blue Bharatarrives as a working instrument.Capt. Gajanan Karanjikar’slatest contribution is not a lyrical ode to the sea, nor a policy pamphlet dressed in maritime romance. It is something rarer and far more useful: a practitioner’s blueprint that treats the Blue Economy as what it truly is for India - a national economic lever, a strategic imperative, and an operational discipline. What makes Blue Bharat compelling is its core thesis: India cannot meaningfully achieve the ambitions of Viksit Bharat 2047 unless it becomes a confident, predictable maritime power. That confidence is not built by slogans. It is built by clean harbors, reliable logistics, safe boats, robust data, and the unglamorous machinery of governance that keeps the maritime system running. The book’s strength lies in its insistence that the ocean keeps a ledger - and that national prosperity will reflect whether India’s coastal development is disciplined, inclusive, and measurable.A Bridge Between Policy & the Pier Many Blue Economy texts either soar into abstraction or sink into single-sector silos. Karanjikar avoids both traps. Blue Bharat is structured around India’s real operating environment - ports and coastal shipping, fisheries and aquaculture, offshore energy, marine minerals, tourism and heritage, marine biotechnology, ocean health, climate resilience, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), finance, and data systems. Yet the chapters do not read like a directory. They read like interlocking parts of a single system, which is precisely how the ocean economy behaves in practice. A port, for instance, is not merely infrastructure; it is the junction where emissions, congestion, trade reliability, compliance and community legitimacy collide. Karanjikar makes a persuasive case for a next wave of port modernisation centred on green protocols, reception facilities, shore power readiness, and just-in-time arrivals. The value proposition is framed correctly: decarbonisation is not only a moral obligation; it is also a competitive advantage in a world where cargo owners increasingly value low-carbon gateways and supply-chain reliability.Fisheries as a National Food System The chapters on fisheries and aquaculture are among the book’s most grounded. Karanjikar refuses to romanticize the sector. He describes the hard truths: overfishing pressures, IUU risks, safety gaps, poor harbour hygiene, post-harvest losses, and the persistent disconnect between coastal livelihoods and national policy narratives. But the book is far from pessimistic. It builds an opportunity case around value addition, traceability, cold chains, harbor standards, and women-led enterprise models - including seaweed clusters that can transform nearshore livelihoods with relatively low capex. Importantly, it treats “Blue Food from India” as a brand that must be earned through quality systems, not marketing.Offshore wind, marine tech, and India’s new industrial frontier Blue Bharat is equally strong in describing how India can convert ocean opportunity into industrial capability. Offshore wind is presented not as a peripheral climate project but as a supply-chain engine that can activate shipyards, heavy fabrication, subsea cable manufacturing, and port-side assembly ecosystems. The book’s emphasis on “Atmanirbhar capability” (self Reliant) feels realistic: domestic repair yards, blue-tech sensors, ocean data platforms, and offshore energy components. It is a persuasive argument that India should aim not merely to host projects but to own the capability stack behind them.Digital Ocean: From Forecasts to Utility One of the book’s most timely contributions is its treatment of ocean data. Karanjikar argues that ocean information should function as a public utility — not scattered products known only to specialists. PFZ advisories linked to fuel-saving routes, surge and wave nowcasts, HAB alerts, and live outfall dashboards are not presented as “nice-to-have” science; they are described as decision tools that directly affect safety, income, port performance and insurance outcomes. The book’s call for an Indian Digital Twin of the Indian Ocean is refreshingly practical: modular, interoperable, and designed to be used by states, ports and enterprises rather than remaining a glossy concept.Blue Finance Another standout is the finance chapter, which avoids the common pitfall of listing instruments without offering accountability. Blue bonds, PPPs, CSR and multilateral funding are discussed in a way that connects capital to measurable KPIs. The logic is clear: the only way blue finance will scale is if “blue” is defined, audited and trusted. Karanjikar’s insistence on MRV discipline - and on using indicators that policymakers, banks and communities can understand - gives the book unusual credibility in the finance space.A Roadmap The final part — the pathway from 2030 to 2047 — is perhaps the most valuable section for decision makers. The milestones are concrete: Harbour 2.0 standards in 200 sites, MSP and ICZM in every coastal state, species-level traceability targets, operational green corridors, pooled blue bonds, insurance pools, and restoration treated as infrastructure and audited like assets. This is not a utopian vision; it is a delivery plan that accepts institutional constraints and still demands progress. India’s Blue Economy discourse has matured, but its execution still suffers from familiar weaknesses: overlapping mandates, fragmented approvals, data silos, and insufficient linkages between communities and investment. Blue Bharat does not pretend these problems are easy. What it does, repeatedly, is show how to turn complexity into sequence: first build the spine, then scale value, then lock in the advantage. It is a blueprint for making India’s coasts predictable - a word that investors, insurers and communities all value for different reasons. If there is one critique, it is that the book’s ambition is so broad that some readers may wish for deeper dives into individual sectors. Yet that is also its strength: by refusing to be narrow, Blue Bharat captures the central truth that the ocean economy is a system. For India to win at it, we must govern it as a system. Verdict Blue Bharat deserves a place on the desk of anyone shaping India’s maritime future: policymakers, port leaders, shipowners, lenders, researchers, and coastal enterprise builders. It is a book that treats the sea with respect, the economy with seriousness, and execution as the ultimate test. If India is to move from being a maritime nation by geography to a maritime power by design, Blue Bharat provides a credible map - and a clear reminder that the ocean keeps its receipts.
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Zinus to Deliver Cable Management System for Aquaculture Harvest Vessel - Marine News Magazine
📰 Marine News Magazine 📅 2026-06-02 en Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Zinus to Deliver Cable Management System for Aquaculture Harvest Vessel Marine News Magazine
June 2, 2026 Zinus As will deliver cable management systems for the shore power solution at MOWI's new processing facility, at Jøsnøya, Hitra, Norway. The project is carried out in collaboration with technical contractor JM Hansen, and the solution will serve Napier's harvest vessels, including theworld's largest vessel of its kind. The Zinus delivery consists of two ZPP115 cable management systems to be installed at the quay facility. Delivery is scheduled for summer 2026. The Zinus cable management system is designed to support different vessel types and operational requirements and will be integrated as part of the overall shore power solution at the facility. The system will also be integrated with the plant's SCADA system for real-time monitoring and safe, stable operation.
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Zinus to provide shore charging in Australia - engine.online
📰 engine.online 📅 2026-06-02 en Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Zinus to provide shore charging in Australia engine.online
Norway-based shipping equipment maker Zinus has secured a contract to supply shore charging infrastructure for Barangaroo Wharf in Sydney, Australia. IMAGE: Illustration of the planned electric charging station at Barangaroo wharf. NSW government Under the contract, Zinus will supply a fully autonomous direct current (DC) charging tower to support vessel electrification at the wharf. The contract was awarded by UGL Transport, with the end customer being Transport for New South Wales (NSW). Shore-to-ship power, or “cold ironing”, is an electrical power supply provided to ships when they are docked at ports. Instead of running the engines onboard to power the essential systems while docked at ports, shore power facilities allow ships to connect to the local electrical grid. By Aparupa Mazumder Please get in touch with comments or additional info to news@engine.online
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Cada vez que un megabarco llega a un puerto colapsa la red eléctrica. La alternativa ya existe y no necesita cables a la ciudad - Xataka
📰 Xataka 📅 2026-06-02 es Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Cada vez que un megabarco llega a un puerto colapsa la red eléctrica. La alternativa ya existe y no necesita cables a la ciudad Xataka
El consorcio ELIRE Maritime valida con éxito una megacentral modular e independiente de la red que evita años de faraónicas obras terrestres y reduce las emisiones en un 77% Aunque la energía generada es de momento más cara que la tradicional, su rapidísimo despliegue ya ha captado la atención de los puertos de Londres, Singapur y Hamburgo Compartir 2 junio 2026, 15:01 Los puertos de todo el mundo se enfrentan a un mandato urgente e ineludible: descarbonizarse. La exigencia pasa por apagar los enormes motores diésel de los buques comerciales y de cruceros una vez que atracan, conectándolos a la red eléctrica local. Sin embargo, en la práctica, las ciudades portuarias se han topado con un muro de hormigón: no hay suficiente capacidad en la red terrestre para enchufar a estos gigantes del mar. Ante este cuello de botella, la respuesta de la ingeniería ha sido sacar el problema de la tierra firme. Un consorcio respaldado por el Reino Unido y liderado por la firma ELIRE Maritime ha validado con éxito lo que definen como "el primer centro de energía de hidrógeno flotante e independiente de la red del mundo". ¿El fin de las interminables obras portuarias? Para entender el impacto de este desarrollo, hay que mirar el calvario logístico actual. Tal y como subraya Enlit, instalar sistemas tradicionales de suministro eléctrico en tierra (conocidos en la industria como shore power) es una auténtica pesadilla. El proceso puede tardar entre tres y siete años, ya que requiere refuerzos masivos de la red, mejoras en las subestaciones, complejas obras civiles y unos plazos de concesión de permisos que paralizan cualquier avance. Todo ello consumiendo un espacio terrestre del que la mayoría de los puertos carecen. Al colocar la infraestructura energética directamente en el agua, se sortea de un plumazo este obstáculo. Además, desde ELIRE Maritime destacan una ventaja financiera crucial: el sistema evita el riesgo de crear "activos varados". A diferencia de una subestación de hormigón que no puede moverse si cambian las rutas marítimas, esta megacentral flotante puede reubicarse según dicte la demanda del mercado, otorgando a las autoridades portuarias una independencia total de la red. Radiografía tecnológica. Lejos de ser un mero concepto sobre el papel, la tecnología acaba de superar un riguroso programa de validación de seis meses. El diseño físico, del que se hacen eco todos los medios, consta de tres plataformas flotantes hexagonales interconectadas que ocupan unos 1.200 metros cuadrados. Pero, ¿cómo suministra energía sin colapsar? El sistema no utiliza generadores descomunales para inyectar energía de golpe al barco, sino que funciona bajo la premisa de una "batería flotante gigante". A través de pilas de combustible modulares de 1,3 MW que operan continuamente (apoyadas por hasta 146 kW de paneles solares a bordo), el sistema carga poco a poco un enorme banco de baterías de 45 MWh durante toda la semana. Cuando un barco atraca, esta batería libera la energía rápidamente, entregando 5 MW de potencia limpia y continua sin inmutarse. Para alimentar este proceso, el sistema consume entre 7.500 y 8.000 kilos de hidrógeno a la semana. Cuenta con siete tanques a bordo integrados en contenedores de baja presión, que requieren repostaje un par de veces por semana. Esto permite a los puertos adoptar el hidrógeno gradualmente sin tener que acometer faraónicas obras para construir tuberías o instalaciones de almacenamiento permanentes en tierra. El impacto real. Para garantizar su viabilidad en el mundo real, la plataforma ha sido sometida a pruebas de estabilidad y oleaje en los tanques de la Universidad de Strathclyde, mientras que gigantes de la industria como Schneider Electric y Ricardo UK han validado con éxito toda su compleja arquitectura eléctrica. Las luces medioambientales: Según los análisis de viabilidad de la consultora Ricardo, el sistema puede reducir las emisiones de los buques atracados en un 77% frente a la generación tradicional con diésel. En cifras tangibles, esto supone un ahorro de unas 47 toneladas de CO₂ por barco cada semana (casi 2.450 toneladas anuales), además de erradicar por completo las emisiones de partículas tóxicas, óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) y azufre (SOx) que envenenan el aire de las ciudades costeras. La sombra del coste: Hoy por hoy, esta solución es más cara que enchufarse a la red convencional. El coste estimado de la energía de este centro de hidrógeno ronda entre las 0,25 y 0,50 libras por kWh, frente a las 0,15 - 0,25 libras del sistema terrestre tradicional. No obstante, el consorcio argumenta que este sobrecoste inicial se compensa por la asombrosa rapidez de despliegue y prevén que la estandarización y la futura caída del precio del hidrógeno igualen la balanza comercial. El potencial es inmenso. El consorcio estima un mercado global de 62 TWh anuales para soluciones marítimas independientes de la red, con el potencial de evitar la emisión de 500.000 toneladas de CO₂ en la próxima década. Próximas paradas. Como detalla ELIRE Maritime, el consorcio ya está en conversaciones comerciales para iniciar los primeros despliegues reales en puertos de primer nivel como Londres, Singapur, Hamburgo, Brisbane y Riga. El futuro de la descarbonización marítima parece haber encontrado un atajo. No se trata de inventar tecnologías exóticas desde cero, sino de integrar lo que ya sabemos que funciona (hidrógeno, baterías y sistemas eléctricos de potencia) de una manera mucho más inteligente. Si la tierra firme no tiene suficiente electricidad para alimentar a los gigantes de los océanos, la solución, irónicamente, siempre estuvo en volver a echarse al mar. Imagen | ELIRE Maritime Xataka | El gran reto de los drones era transportar cargas durante kilómetros. Una empresa china lo ha resuelto con hidrógeno
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Presentación en Tánger del buque GNV Aurora - Gaceta del Turismo -
📰 Gaceta del Turismo - 📅 2026-06-02 📍 Barcellona es Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Presentación en Tánger del buque GNV Aurora Gaceta del Turismo -
El Puerto Tánger MED abre un ‘Corredor Verde’ a los nuevos buques GNV con el bautismo del AURORA, y la promesa de un futuro compartido entre Oriente y Occidente. CHIKY TRILLO (Tánger, Marruecos) El Puerto de Tánger da la bienvenida al nuevo buque sostenible GNV AURORA, filial de gigante naviero MSC Cruceros, que ha sido bautizado con éxito y gran presencia de Medios Internacionales, y que inaugura un nuevo ‘Corredor Verde’ en el Mediterráneo que conectará Italia y Marruecos semanalmente, cubriendo el trayecto Génova – Tánger MED con escala en el hub de Barcelona. Con un coste de 320 millones de euros en total, sumando a su hermano gemelo Virgo que comenzará a operar en Tánger Med también el próximo 1 de julio, cada buque tiene capacidad para transportar aproximadamente hasta 1.700 pasajeros. Cuatro han sido los nuevos barcos sostenibles entregados a la compañía en espera de otros cuatro más que estarán terminados en breve hasta completar 8 buques: una enorme puesta en escena de GNV con la vista puesta en el futuro ‘verde’, libre de huella de carbono, sostenibles y multiculturales, incorporando esa unificación de culturas entre Oriente y Occidente. Todos los nuevos buques están equipados con tecnología GNL, combustible ecológico con menos huella de carbono, para reducir emisiones y cuentan con Cold Ironing, un sistema que les permite apagar motores y usar electricidad de tierra mientras están atracados. «Marruecos es un destino estratégico para la compañía con una gran proyección de futuro de cara al Mundial de Fútbol de 2030. Están invirtiendo en infraestructuras, mejorando aeropuertos, puertos, carreteras, hoteles, etc. Este proyecto es posible gracias al apoyo importante de todas las instituciones y GNV quiere crecer también con Marruecos: Marruecos no se para y GNV también», explicó Matteo Catani, CEO de GNV. «Hemos decidido construir más barcos con mejoras en las cabinas para comodidad de los viajeros; con mejoras tecnológicas en reciclaje de residuos, con nuevos combustibles menos contaminantes, con inversiones en más y mejor seguridad. E incluso, los que están ya construidos seguimos invirtiendo en mejorar su seguridad y hacerlos más sostenibles». Carole Montarsolo, dtra. general de GNV Marruecos, y Mohammed Kabbaj, partner histórico de GNV Marruecos también estuvieron presentes en la rueda de prensa.
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Roberto Tasca (A2A): “L’obiettivo è il Net Zero” - la Repubblica
📰 la Repubblica Media 📅 2026-06-01 it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Roberto Tasca (A2A): “L’obiettivo è il Net Zero” la Repubblica
Competitività industriale, contributo all’autonomia energetica del Paese e decarbonizzazione sono le direttrici lungo cui A2A sta ridefinendo strategia e investimenti per il presente e il futuro. Una trasformazione che il gruppo considera necessaria anche alla luce di uno scenario energetico sempre più instabile, segnato dalla volatilità dei mercati, dalle tensioni geopolitiche e dalla necessità di accelerare sulla transizione ecologica senza compromettere crescita economica e coesione sociale. “La sostenibilità è una leva strategica per l’autonomia e la sicurezza energetica italiana”, osserva il presidente di A2A, Roberto Tasca, sottolineando però che “senza investimenti e nuove tecnologie il rischio è che resti solo un’astrazione“. Il processo di decarbonizzazione, aggiunge, “dipende dalla velocità con cui arriveremo a sviluppare soluzioni innovative in grado di integrare le fonti energetiche oggi disponibili“. ISCRIVITI PER PARTECIPARE Per un Paese povero di materie prime e fortemente dipendente dalle importazioni energetiche, ribadisce Tasca, il tema dell’indipendenza resta centrale. In quest’ottica, “anche la capacità di sviluppare l’economia circolare e valorizzare pienamente il potenziale delle nostre risorse richiede scelte industriali coraggiose o pionieristiche, capaci di guardare oltre il breve periodo per arrivare a generare benefici concreti e duraturi per la collettività“. Dentro questa visione si inserisce il primo Piano di Transizione Climatica del gruppo, uno dei primi adottati in Italia da una grande utility, che definisce il percorso verso il Net Zero al 2050. Il piano prevede 7 miliardi di euro di investimenti entro il 2035 destinati alle principali leve della decarbonizzazione: sviluppo delle rinnovabili, elettrificazione dei consumi, recupero energetico, reti di teleriscaldamento ed economia circolare. L’obiettivo è ridurre del 50% le emissioni dirette entro il 2035 e dell’80% entro il 2040 rispetto ai livelli del 2017, fino ad abbattere del 90% le emissioni dirette e indirette lungo l’intera catena del valore entro il 2050. Parallelamente, A2A stima di evitare l’immissione in atmosfera di 53 milioni di tonnellate di CO2 tra il 2024 e il 2035 grazie all’aumento della produzione rinnovabile, al recupero del calore di scarto e alla progressiva elettrificazione dei consumi. La pressione sugli approvvigionamenti energetici e le dinamiche di petrolio e gas continuano intanto a incidere sui costi dell’energia e sulla competitività industriale europea. In questo quadro, osserva Tasca, è necessario che il nostro Paese acceleri sullo sviluppo delle rinnovabili, indispensabili per garantire prezzi più stabili sia per le famiglie sia per la competitività del tessuto produttivo. Diverse imprese, tra cui A2A, hanno dimostrato di essere pronte a fare investimenti per sostenere la transizione ecologica e rendere disponibili soluzioni sostenibili, rispettando gli impegni presi con clienti e stakeholder. La sostenibilità, nella strategia del gruppo, coinvolge anche la filiera produttiva e i territori. Oggi l’87% dell’ordinato di A2A proviene da fornitori valutati secondo criteri ESG attraverso piattaforme dedicate. L’obiettivo è estendere il processo di transizione lungo tutta la catena del valore, accompagnando anche realtà più piccole attraverso competenze, sinergie e strumenti condivisi. Accanto agli investimenti industriali, il gruppo promuove attività di ascolto e confronto con istituzioni, realtà associative, cittadini, scuole e imprese locali, nella convinzione che la transizione energetica possa consolidarsi solo attraverso il coinvolgimento dei territori. Da qui nasce anche l’Engagement Value Index, sviluppato con SDA Bocconi e The European House - Ambrosetti per misurare l’impatto delle attività di engagement sulla qualità delle relazioni e sulla capacità di generare valore condiviso nel lungo periodo.
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Floating Hydrogen Hub Validated for Grid-Free Shore Power - Environment+Energy Leader
📰 Environment+Energy Leader 📅 2026-06-01 en Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Floating Hydrogen Hub Validated for Grid-Free Shore Power Environment+Energy Leader
Getting shore power to a docked ship sounds simple enough until you try to do it at scale. Then come the substation upgrades, the grid reinforcement studies, the permits, the civil construction, and the utility coordination that collectively turn a straightforward emissions reduction into a seven-year infrastructure project. A lot of ports have been stuck in that cycle for years, watching compliance deadlines move closer while their electrical capacity stays put. What a UK-backed maritime consortium finished validating last month takes a different path.Instead of pulling power from the shore to the ship, the system puts the power source on the water. Three modular hexagonalfloating platforms, spanning roughly 12,900 square feet combined, carry approximately 45 megawatt-hours (MWh) of battery storage, 1.3 megawatt (MW) hydrogen fuel cells, 146 kilowatts (kW) of onboard solar, and a grid-forming AC/DC electrical architecture that connects directly to vessels at berth. Output capacity runs up to 5MW continuously, with support for both 6.6kV and 11kV shore power connections. That is enough to keep a medium-sized cruise ship running on clean power around the clock while it sits in port. Thefuel cells run continuously, charging the onboard battery banks. When a ship connects, stored energy flows out at whatever rate the vessel needs.Solar panels trim hydrogen consumption during daylight hours but handle a small slice of total output.Seven onboard low-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, built to ISO-compatible container specs, hold enough fuel for roughly two to three days of operation. The consortium estimates weekly hydrogen consumption at between 16,500 and 17,600 pounds, with refueling expected about twice a week.Total projected weekly energy output lands around 91 MWh. The six-month validation program ran under the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Clean Maritime Demonstrator Competition Round 6, with the UK Shipping Office for Reducing Emissions (UKSHORE) as a partner. Testing covered hydrodynamics, structural performance, electrical architecture, and multi-platform connectivity under varying sea conditions, with independent verification from the University of Strathclyde. The result was confirmation that off-the-shelf hydrogen, battery, and fuel cell technologies can be integrated into a floating platform and actually deployed, not just modeled. Ships sitting at berth with their auxiliary diesel engines running are a well-documented and politically visible source of port emissions. TheInternational Maritime Organization (IMO) has set greenhouse gas reduction targets that push international shipping toward significant cuts by 2030. In the European Union, cold ironing requirements, the practice of connecting docked vessels to shore power so they can shut down onboard generators, are already in effect at major ports. Several US port authorities have moved in the same direction under state and federal air quality programs. The ports being asked to comply are often the ones with the least grid capacity to work with. Industrial-era electrical infrastructure, limited physical space for new substations, and utility interconnection queues that stretch years out have left many operators genuinely stuck. Spending ongrid-connected shore powerhas increased, but deployment has not kept pace with the mandate timeline. A floating platform that arrives pre-commissioned and starts operating without touching the local grid sidesteps most of those constraints entirely. Hydrogen supply logisticsremain the main unresolved piece. Twice-weekly refueling at 8,000-plus pounds per delivery requires a reliable supply chain that most ports cannot yet access. Green hydrogen production is growing, but it remains concentrated, and transport infrastructure at the volumes this platform needs is still thin in most markets. That is not a technical problem with the platform itself, but it is a real planning constraint for any port operator looking at early adoption.
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FEPORT chiede di destinare ai porti parte dei proventi del sistema europeo delle emissioni - Messaggero Marittimo
📰 Messaggero Marittimo 📅 2026-06-01 it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
FEPORT chiede di destinare ai porti parte dei proventi del sistema europeo delle emissioni Messaggero Marittimo
BRUXELLES – In vista della revisione del sistema europeo di scambio delle quote di emissione, attesa con una proposta della Commissione europea nel Luglio 2026, la Federazione dei Porti Europei (FEPORT) chiede che una parte dei proventi generati dal meccanismo venga destinata direttamente al finanziamento della transizione energetica dei porti dell’Unione. La richiesta arriva mentre a Bruxelles si intensifica il confronto sul futuro dell’ETS e sul delicato equilibrio tra ambizione climatica, competitività economica e resilienza delle catene logistiche europee. FEPORT ha accolto con favore il dibattito avviato durante la tavola rotonda ad alto livello organizzata dalla Commissione europea il 12 Maggio scorso, sottolineando però la necessità che le specificità operative e gli investimenti sostenuti dal settore portuale siano adeguatamente considerati nel processo di revisione. Secondo l’associazione, il prossimo aggiornamento dell’ETS rappresenterà un momento decisivo per la politica marittima europea e dovrà tenere conto del ruolo strategico svolto dai porti e dai terminalisti nel commercio internazionale, nella connettività del continente, nella sicurezza energetica e negli obiettivi di decarbonizzazione. FEPORT ribadisce il proprio sostegno alla riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra e ricorda come i porti europei stiano già investendo massicciamente in elettrificazione, digitalizzazione, efficienza energetica e tecnologie pulite, compresa la diffusione dell’alimentazione elettrica da terra per le navi (Onshore Power Supply – OPS). Tuttavia, l’organizzazione evidenzia che l’efficacia delle politiche climatiche deve essere valutata anche alla luce delle loro conseguenze operative ed economiche. In quest’ottica, la revisione dell’ETS dovrebbe offrire l’opportunità non solo di rafforzare il percorso di decarbonizzazione, ma anche di misurare gli effetti del sistema sull’intero ecosistema europeo dei trasporti e della logistica. Per FEPORT, i porti non sono semplici punti di transito delle merci, bensì piattaforme economiche strategiche che garantiscono commercio, approvvigionamenti energetici e resilienza delle supply chain. Eventuali riduzioni dei traffici o lo spostamento delle attività verso hub situati in Paesi extra-Ue rischiano quindi di indebolire non solo la competitività dei singoli scali, ma anche l’intero sistema logistico europeo. Per questo motivo, la federazione propone che la revisione dell’ETS introduca un esplicito vincolo di destinazione per una parte delle entrate generate dal sistema, da utilizzare per sostenere i programmi di elettrificazione e decarbonizzazione dei porti. Risorse che, secondo FEPORT, sarebbero fondamentali per consentire agli scali europei di competere con porti di Paesi terzi che operano in contesti normativi meno stringenti sul fronte ambientale. L’associazione sottolinea inoltre la necessità di garantire coerenza tra le diverse iniziative comunitarie dedicate alla transizione energetica. In particolare, chiede che il futuro Piano europeo per l’Elettrificazione favorisca concretamente i porti attraverso procedure autorizzative più rapide, la possibilità di accumulare energia elettrica e un accesso prioritario alle reti di distribuzione. Tra le principali preoccupazioni evidenziate da FEPORT figura il fenomeno del carbon leakage, ossia il trasferimento di attività e traffici verso porti situati fuori dall’Unione Europea. Una tendenza che potrebbe accelerare a causa dell’applicazione dell’ETS al trasporto marittimo. “Per i porti e i terminal europei una questione merita particolare attenzione: il trasferimento delle attività di trasbordo verso scali extra-Ue, che non incide soltanto sull’occupazione e sul business portuale, ma può compromettere anche la connettività dell’Europa e la competitività della sua industria”, ha dichiarato Lamia Kerdjoudj, segretario generale di FEPORT. Secondo Kerdjoudj, i consistenti investimenti già realizzati e quelli programmati nei porti vicini all’Unione, ma esterni al perimetro dell’ETS marittimo, rappresentano una crescente pressione competitiva sugli scali europei. Per questo la revisione del sistema dovrebbe includere misure concrete per contrastare il fenomeno e preservare la resilienza della rete portuale comunitaria. FEPORT richiama infine l’attenzione sulla recente Strategia europea per i porti, che riconosce esplicitamente la necessità di rafforzare competitività e resilienza del settore. In tale contesto, conclude l’associazione, una quota dei proventi dell’ETS dovrebbe essere reinvestita direttamente nei porti per sostenere gli investimenti necessari alla transizione energetica e ambientale dell’intera filiera logistico-marittima europea. LEGGI ANCHE:
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L’esperto: «Il porto elettrificato? Serve una potenza simile al consumo della città di Trieste» - il Nord Est
📰 il Nord Est 📅 2026-05-31 📍 Trieste it Aria · inquinamento Elettrificazione · cold ironing
L’esperto: «Il porto elettrificato? Serve una potenza simile al consumo della città di Trieste» il Nord Est
Ottanta megawatt: è il fabbisogno futuro per elettrificare completamente il porto di Trieste. Poco meno dei 110 megawatt che l’intera città consuma nei momenti di picco. «È come raddoppiare l’infrastruttura elettrica di una città», spiega Giorgio Sulligoi, professore di sistemi elettrici per l’energia all’Università di Trieste. Per portare questa potenza serve un rinforzo massiccio della rete: dalla nuova linea Terna da Duino al potenziamento della distribuzione locale di AcegasApsAmga. Giorgio Sulligoi, docente di sistemi elettrici all’Università di Trieste La sfida non è attaccare una presa a una nave. È portare l’energia fino a lì e gestirla in modo flessibile. «Solo per la Stazione marittima servono tra 20 e 30 megawatt per alimentare due navi passeggeri contemporaneamente», spiega Sulligoi. «Con l’elettrificazione si eliminano completamente le emissioni locali. E anche il rumore dei motori». Una nave da crociera ferma in porto per dieci ore risparmia così emissioni pari a quelle di 14.000 automobili in un giorno. Smart Grid, due trasformatori da oltre 50 tonnellate arrivano di notte alla cabina primaria di Roiano La redazione Il trasporto eccezionale, avvenuto in orario notturno per limitare i disagi, ha attraversato le vie strette del quartiere. L’arrivo dei trasformatori si inserisce nel più ampio intervento di ristrutturazione della cabina primaria di Roiano, completamente rinnovata per sostenere l’evoluzione dei consumi elettrici urbani e portuali nell’ambito del progetto Smart Grid L’Università di Trieste è dentro questo processo da anni. Con il progetto Egrebuty hanno sviluppato modelli di simulazione delle reti portuali, validati grazie a Smart Campus, il dimostratore di reti intelligenti del campus di via Europa. Ora UniTs è coinvolta nel progetto Smart Grid per il potenziamento della rete e usa Etef, la facility realizzata con Wärtsilä e Fincantieri, per testare sistemi a scala industriale. È proprio qui che sono stati testati i superconduttori e i supercapacitori del progetto europeo V-Access (5 milioni di euro, 14 partner), passando da prototipi a sistemi da centinaia di chilowatt. Elettrificazione del porto di Trieste: espropri lungo 23 chilometri La redazione Il tracciato di Terna parte da Duino Aurisina fino alla cabina primaria di Roiano. Nell’iter le particelle interessate: le osservazioni dei proprietari entro 30 giorni Il vero tema, secondo Sulligoi, non è tecnico ma gestionale. «Bisogna guardare alla rete elettrica come a un sistema flessibile. Possono arrivare navi più grandi, picchi improvvisi». Servono tecnologie per l’accumulo: supercapacitori per sbilanciamenti rapidi, superconduttori dove c’è poco spazio, batterie per energia di lunga durata. La rete diventa anche una rete dati. Il punto critico è chi gestirà tutto. «Serve un gestore che controlli l’intero sistema e che conosca le esigenze del porto e il mezzo navale». Non è ancora chiaro chi sarà: il distributore cittadino, una cabina di regia portuale, i terminalisti o un soggetto nuovo. Altro nodo: le tariffe. «Va chiarito se ci sarà una tariffa agevolata per gli armatori, o un sistema misto con incentivi e penali per chi tiene i motori accesi». Il costo dell’energia in Italia rende difficile convincere gli armatori ed è necessario definire un quadro regolatorio chiaro. «Sulla portualità sarebbe interessante fare da apripista». Tutto questo richiede competenze nuove: ingegneri e tecnici specializzati. «Servono persone preparate sull’elettronica di potenza, sull’automazione avanzata, sulle medie e alte tensioni, sui sistemi isolanti». L’Università di Trieste forma queste figure, «ma sono troppo poche rispetto alle richieste del mercato», ammette Sulligoi. «Le opportunità di lavoro ci sono: nella distribuzione, nella logistica, nel settore navale. Crescono i traffici, crescono i terminal e le infrastrutture».
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Arturo Pérez de Lucia: «Cada puerto debe electrificarse según su impacto, tráfico y papel en la red logística» - Diario de Mallorca
📰 Diario de Mallorca 📅 2026-05-31 📍 Valencia es Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Arturo Pérez de Lucia: «Cada puerto debe electrificarse según su impacto, tráfico y papel en la red logística» Diario de Mallorca
Arturo Pérez de Lucia estará en Palma el 8 de junio |/ AEDIVE Toni Traveria ¿Tiene España obligaciones ligadas a la electrificación de puertos? Sí, pero no vienen de una única norma, sino de un marco regulatorio europeo bastante claro y cada vez más exigente. La principal referencia es el reglamento europeo AFIR, que es de aplicación directa, por lo que España está obligada a cumplirlo y en 2030 será obligatorio disponer de OPS (electricidad en muelle) en los puertos principales. Otros marcos que presionan son el paqueteFit for 55,que exige una reducción de emisiones del 55% en 2030 y que afecta directamente al transporte marítimo, y el FuelEU Maritime, reglamento de la Unión Europea que establece límites progresivos a la intensidad de gases de efecto invernadero de los combustibles utilizados por los buques. Pero más allá de la norma, es una cuestión de competitividad: quien no se electrifique, se queda fuera del sistema logístico del futuro. ¿Tenemos ya en España puertos electrificados? Prácticamente todo el sistema portuario está en transición y ya hay varios puertos que han empezado a electrificarse o incluso tienen sistemas operativos. El caso más avanzado es el puerto de Cádiz, junto con Barcelona y Valencia, además de Algeciras, Balears, Bilbao, Vigo y Alicante. El gran salto se producirá de aquí a 2030. En el caso concreto del puerto de Palma, su electrificación está integrada dentro de un proyecto más amplio de transformación que contempla la reordenación de unos 400.000 metros cuadrados, con una mejor integración puerto-ciudad, la reducción del impacto ambiental, la modernización logística y energética y, todo ello, con una inversión global cercana a 200 millones de euros. La Autoridad Portuaria de Balears prevé tener el anteproyecto definitivo a comienzos de 2027. ¿Es posible electrificar los puertos de forma eficiente para dar respuesta a las necesidades de los barcos y de los servicios en tierra? Sí, es posible. La cuestión no es si se puede, sino cómo y a qué ritmo queremos hacerlo. La electrificación de los puertos es viable y ya está en marcha en muchos enclaves europeos. Tecnologías como elOnshore Power Supply(OPS) permiten que los buques se conecten a la red eléctrica en puerto, con lo cual se reducen emisiones, ruido y consumo de combustibles fósiles durante las escalas. Por tanto, desde el punto de vista técnico, la electrificación es una realidad, pero un puerto electrificado es casi una ‘miniciudad energética’. El reto está en la capacidad de la red, pues los puertos van a necesitar mucha más potencia eléctrica, infraestructuras de media y alta tensión e integración con renovables. Esto va a implicar también mucha inversión en CAPEX para adaptar muelles, subestaciones y redes internas; equipar terminales para suministro a buques y digitalizar la gestión energética, aunque habrá retorno en eficiencia energética, sostenibilidad y competitividad. Y, sin duda, coordinación público-privada entre autoridades portuarias, operadores eléctricos, navieras y administraciones. ¿Todos los puertos necesitan el mismo nivel de electrificación? Cada puerto debe electrificarse en función de su impacto, su tráfico y su papel en la red logística. La electrificación portuaria no debe plantearse como un modelo único, sino como una solución adaptada al tipo de tráfico, operativa y necesidades de cada puerto porque no todos funcionan igual. ¿Y cuál sería el criterio a valorar? Los puertos con alta estancia en muelle (ferris, cruceros) tienen la máxima prioridad por su gran impacto ambiental y por estar muchas horas conectados. Los puertos de contenedores tendrán una electrificación progresiva porque los barcos tienen estancias más cortas y hay una mayor complejidad operativa. El resto de los puertos tendrá una electrificación selectiva porque su impacto es menor y es más difícil justificar grandes inversiones. Además, no todo es suministro a buques. También hay maquinaria portuaria, grúas, vehículos internos y logística terrestre. En muchos casos, electrificar operaciones en tierra tiene incluso más impacto inmediato. ¿Qué impacto real tiene la electrificación de los puertos en la calidad ambiental de las ciudades portuarias? La transición energética no puede entenderse de forma aislada, sino integral y, por eso, la electrificación de los puertos no es solo una cuestión de infraestructuras, sino también de coherencia ambiental en el entorno urbano. En muchas ciudades portuarias se están impulsando medidas para reducir emisiones, desde la electrificación del tráfico rodado hasta sistemas de calefacción más eficientes. Sin embargo, estos esfuerzos pierden parte de su efecto si, a escasos metros, buques y cruceros continúan quemando combustibles fósiles durante sus horas de escala. El impacto es especialmente relevante en puertos con alta actividad de pasajeros, donde los barcos permanecen atracados durante largos periodos, con lo cual generan emisiones contaminantes en zonas densamente pobladas. En este contexto, la electrificación de los muelles -permitiendo a los buques conectarse a la red eléctrica en lugar de utilizar sus motores de combustión auxiliares- se perfila como una pieza clave para reducir la huella ambiental de las ciudades portuarias. ¿Debe preocupar en España que Marruecos esté invirtiendo seriamente para modernizar y electrificar sus puertos, haciéndolos atractivos para las empresas europeas a la hora de deslocalizar sus fábricas? Más que preocuparnos, debería ocuparnos. España no parte de cero. Contamos con una de las redes portuarias más potentes de Europa, gestionada por Puertos del Estado, que ya operan como nodos logísticos clave entre Europa, África y América. Marruecos está haciendo bien su trabajo: invierte, moderniza y gana competitividad, buscando competir en coste y atracción industrial. Pero eso no invalida las ventajas estructurales de España, como una ubicación estratégica única en las principales rutas marítimas; infraestructura portuaria consolidada y diversificada; conexión con redes logísticas europeas (ferrocarril y carretera) y un ecosistema industrial y tecnológico más desarrollado. ¿Qué nos está indicando esta realidad y cómo debería actuar España? No competimos solo en coste. Competimos en capacidad, integración y valor añadido. Ahora bien, la inversión de Marruecos no es una amenaza aislada. Es una señal de que el futuro portuario pasa por puertos más sostenibles, electrificación de operaciones, digitalización logística e integración con la industria. Ahí, España tiene una oportunidad enorme para mantener la competitividad si somos capaces de acelerar la electrificación de nuestros puertos, conectarlos mejor con la industria y la energía y posicionarlos como {"anchor-link":true} de transición energética. Con 46 puertos de interés general, frente a una docena de puertos logísticos y de transporte marítimo relevantes en Marruecos, el potencial de España está en otra liga. Hablamos de electrificación de puertos, pero ¿se pueden electrificar barcos en la misma medida? La gran diferencia respecto a los puertos está en las limitaciones energéticas. Electrificar un puerto es más directo porque la infraestructura está fija; en el mar, el reto es almacenar suficiente energía a bordo. Por eso, la electrificación total funciona mejor en trayectos cortos o predecibles, mientras que en largas distancias aún convive con soluciones híbridas. Empresas españolas como Baleària están inmersas en la electrificación de su flota para alcanzar cero emisiones. Actualmente, operan ferris eléctricos (como el Cap de Barbaria en Ibiza-Formentera) y están construyendo dosfast ferrieseléctricos que operarán entre España y Marruecos (Tarifa-Tánger) para 2028. Hay casos que demuestran claramente su viabilidad a gran escala: proyectos como el Yangtze Electrificado -el corredor de energía limpia más grande del mundo, formado por seis megacentrales hidroeléctricas en cascada a lo largo del río Yangtsé, en China- han desplegado buques de carga eléctrica de miles de toneladas, evidenciando que la propulsión eléctrica no se limita a pequeñas embarcaciones, sino que puede escalar a la logística comercial. ¿En qué sectores puede ser especialmente beneficiosa la electrificación? Noticias relacionadas En segmentos como el turismo y el lujo, la electrificación ya es una ventaja competitiva. Los nuevos cruceros eléctricos en entornos sensibles -como fiordos o ríos protegidos- no solo reducen emisiones, sino que ofrecen una experiencia sin ruido ni vibraciones. En paralelo, sectores exigentes como el de defensa están adoptando esta tecnología por razones tácticas, en vehículos submarinos o buques no tripulados. Además, los buques eléctricos más avanzados ya incorporan gestión energética con IA y automatización, optimizando rutas, consumo y operaciones como el atraque.
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Surface monitoring underestimates air-pollution burden of a major Global South port - Nature
📰 Nature 📅 2026-05-31 en Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing Salute · ambiente
Surface monitoring underestimates air-pollution burden of a major Global South port Nature
Maritime ports are major sources of urban air pollution, but surface monitoring often fails to capture pollution at higher levels from ship exhaust stacks and coastal atmospheric processes, a gap especially important for Global South ports. Here we conducted a height-resolved assessment at the Port of Paranaguá in Brazil during the southern hemisphere spring. Using multi-height measurements combined with meteorological analysis and a space-and-time-stratified case-crossover approach, we identified strong vertical differences in pollutant concentrations. Sulfur dioxide was consistently elevated at heights corresponding to ship exhaust, indicating interception of ship plumes. Nitrogen dioxide showed a weaker but consistent increase at mid-levels, influenced by port activity and atmospheric mixing. Fine particulate matter showed modest enhancement aloft, while the strongest operation-related episodes occurred near the surface. Pollution risk increased substantially during port operations, rising by up to 74% during cargo handling. These findings show that surface-only monitoring fails to capture the full extent of exposure-relevant pollution in port environments. Maritime ports are significant contributors to urban air pollution globally, undermining the sustainability of coastal cities through emissions that compromise public health, ecosystems, and climate goals. In densely populated regions of the Global South, the interaction between port emissions, subtropical meteorology, and complex topography presents distinct challenges for equitable air quality management. These challenges are particularly acute where intense port activity occurs in close proximity to urban areas and sensitive ecosystems. Port operations are major sources of air pollution, particularly where intense ship traffic, cargo handling, and ground transportation converge. Emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)—especially during ship hoteling (when auxiliary engines operate continuously at berth) and cargo handling—are associated with elevated risks of respiratory and cardiovascular disease and premature mortality1,2,3. Yet most observational networks rely on near-surface measurements, which often do not capture concentration gradients shaped by emission heights (20–60 m for ship stacks, typically), operational phases, and the interplay between coastal orography and meteorology4,5. Consequently, pollutant burdens aloft may be underrepresented in both observations and models, leading to a structural mischaracterization of regional transport and cumulative health risks in Global South maritime hubs6,7. A critical gap remains in understanding how discrete operational triggers—such as maneuvering versus hoteling—modulate air quality across atmospheric layers in these unique meteorological settings. Although ship exhaust is released from elevated stacks—analogous to industrial point sources—empirical characterization of height-dependent concentration patterns under real operating conditions remains limited, especially in South American harbor environments. This gap is not merely empirical; it constrains the development of adaptive management, as current regulatory frameworks often assume a vertical homogeneity that does not exist in stable coastal-mountain interfaces. The Port of Paranaguá, in southern Brazil, exemplifies these challenges. As Latin America’s largest grain terminal and a major global bulk hub, it handles over 2000 ships and approximately 450,000 trucks annually and is situated between the Atlantic coastline and the Serra do Mar mountain range. Recent studies have identified distinctive emission signatures and associated health risks in the region, underscoring the need for vertically resolved monitoring to better characterize pollutant dispersion and exposure8,9,10. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to investigate how port operational phases, beyond aggregate traffic volume, modulate air-pollution patterns differently across vertical layers. Using observations from a meteorologically variable spring transition period, an integrated multi-height monitoring and analytical framework is evaluated to capture height-dependent responses to port activity, providing a basis for future multi-season assessments of vertical pollutant behavior in port environments. The central hypothesis is that ship hoteling emissions preferentially contribute to elevated pollutant layers that are only partially represented by surface-based monitoring networks. To test this hypothesis, we adopted a space-time-stratified case-crossover design, widely used to assess acute environmental exposures11,12, to integrate height-resolved sensor observations, meteorological information, and trajectory analyses. This framework isolates the operational drivers of SO2, NO2, and PM2.5pollution episodes across monitoring heights while minimizing confounding by temporal and site-specific factors. By examining three distinct operational zones within the Paranaguá port complex, the study quantifies how vessel maneuvering and hoteling influence height-resolved pollutant profiles and links observed episodes to their operational triggers. This approach provides the process-level evidence base needed for targeted, meteorology-aware interventions in maritime cities. This study integrated height-resolved concentrations of NO2, SO2and PM2.5with meteorology and port activity records to evaluate how operational dynamics shape air pollution in a complex coastal environment. The analytical framework (Fig.1) comprised eight steps: (1) characterization of environmental dynamics using Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) back-trajectories (air mass paths), mixing layer depth estimates, and wind analyses (wind roses and bivariate polar plots); (2) contextualization of potential source sectors by overlaying ship positions, berths, and cargo terminals with wind- and trajectory-conditioned concentration patterns; (3) harmonization of pollutant, meteorological, and operational data to common 20-min and hourly resolutions; (4) statistical testing of height- and position-dependent concentration differences using the Aligned Rank Transform with contrasts (ART-C) and post hoc comparisons; (5) assessment of port activity effects on air pollution using space-time-stratified case-crossover models to estimate the increased odds of pollution episodes (≥75th percentile) during exposure to (a) berthing/unberthing events (±20 min around the timestamp) and (b) hoteling activities (cargo handling, loading/unloading); (6) integration of statistical outputs with trajectory analysis to identify spatiotemporal patterns and dominant source influences; (7) sensitivity analyses to test robustness across alternative thresholds, lag structures, and exposure definitions; and (8) synthesis and visualization of results using polar plots, trajectory maps, heatmaps, multi-height concentration profiles, and risk estimates. Steps 1–3 establish the environmental and operational context (trajectory analysis, source-sector mapping, and data harmonization); Steps 4–5 provide the statistical backbone (non-parametric concentration comparisons and case-crossover episode modeling); and Steps 6–8 integrate and communicate the findings through spatial pattern analysis, sensitivity testing, and multi-panel visualization. All analyses were conducted in R v4.4.313, using theopenairpackage14for pollution-meteorology dynamics,ARTool15for ART-C, thesurvival16package for case-crossover models, andggplot217withpatchwork18for visualization. Raw and processed datasets as well as scripts are publicly available (see “Data availability”). Sampling was conducted in Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil (Fig.2), from 7 September to 3 December 2024, corresponding to the austral spring and the transition from the dry to the rainy season. This period is characterized by pronounced meteorological variability, including changes in wind regimes, humidity, precipitation, and boundary-layer structure. The campaign was designed to capture episodic pollution events associated with port operations, rather than to provide seasonal representativeness. Map of the Port of Paranaguá showing the locations of the three air-quality monitoring sites deployed at different heights above ground level: ALPHA (1.5 m AGL), BETA (10 m AGL), and GAMMA (40 m AGL). Berth locations and terminal types are indicated, together with surrounding topography, including the Serra do Mar mountain range. Berths are classified by cargo type: raw sugar (201, 204, 205), cellulose (202), grains and soybean meal (201, 206, 212–214), fertilizers and mixed bulk cargo (208–211), full containers (215–218), and roll-on/roll-off operations (219). The base map was created using QGIS (v3.42.2; QGIS Development Team) with satellite and terrain imagery from Google Maps. © Google. Paranaguá is a coastal city with over 150,000 inhabitants19,20and a humid subtropical climate21. The city is bordered by the Serra do Mar mountain range, which channels winds and enhances land-sea thermal contrasts, not only shaping the spatial precipitation gradient with rainfall intensity increasing toward the escarpment of the Serra do Mar range22, but also modulating local air pollutants dispersion and deposition23,24. These conditions can limit large-scale dispersion while promoting localized accumulation, episodic ventilation, and enhanced deposition via humidity and precipitation25,26,27. The Port of Paranaguá, Latin America’s largest grain exporter10, processed over 66 million tonnes of cargo in 2024 despite rainfall-related operational challenges28. It handles bulk exports (e.g., soybeans and sugar), container cargo, petroleum derivatives, and fertilizers, with daily traffic volume exceeding 3000 loaded trucks. Emissions originate from ships, vehicles, cargo handling, and auxiliary machinery. Detailed vessel information by cargo type and berth (including hoteling durations, defined as the period when ships are stationed at berth for loading or unloading and auxiliary engines remain active and contribute substantially to local air pollution) is provided in Supplementary TableSA-1. A network of low-cost air quality sensors was deployed within the Port of Paranaguá, Brazil, to characterize vertically differentiated pollutant concentration patterns associated with port operations. Three monitoring sites were installed at different heights above ground level (AGL)—1.5 m (ALPHA), 10 m (BETA), and 40 m (GAMMA)—to sample air masses influenced by ground-based activities and elevated emission sources (Figs.2andS1, Table1). Each site was equipped with electrochemical sensors for sulfur dioxide (SO2, 0–1000 ppb) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2, 0–250 ppb), and an optical particle counter for fine particulate matter (PM2.5, 0–1000 µg m⁻³)29,30,31,32. Sensors operated continuously at 1-min temporal resolution, enabling the capture of short-term concentration variability associated with ship maneuvering and hoteling, cargo handling, and vehicular activity. These pollutants were selected due to their strong association with fossil fuel combustion from ships, trucks, and port equipment, and their relevance for assessing height-dependent exposure patterns. Although the monitoring sites were not vertically co-located, they were deliberately positioned to represent distinct combinations of emission height, source type, and transport conditions within the port. Site selection accounted for prevailing easterly winds, proximity to berths, and the dominant operational characteristics of each terminal area (Supplementary SectionsS1andS2). The monitoring sites are characterized as follows: ALPHA (1.5 m AGL): Located near the liquid bulk terminal, capturing emissions from pumps, pipelines, storage tanks, and nearby traffic sources, with berths approximately 300–500 m away. BETA (10 m AGL): Situated within the grain handling area, influenced by truck traffic, cranes, and bulk cargo operations, approximately 150 m from berths. GAMMA (40 m AGL): Mounted on a crane near the container terminal, positioned 10–20 m from berths and positioned to intercept elevated ship exhaust plumes prior to full vertical dilution. All sensors underwent a two-stage pre-deployment calibration and quality assurance process. Prior to deployment, sensor units were (1) evaluated for inter-unit consistency and (2) co-located with certified reference analyzers for reference calibration at the Water and Land Institute of Paraná’s Air Quality Monitoring Station in Araucária, Paraná, Brazil (25.55° S, 49.39° W). Inter-unit reproducibility was high (PM2.5r= 0.90–0.94; SO2r= 0.91–0.94; NO2r= 0.93), indicating stable relative performance. Reference co-location of representative units (one per pollutant type) was used to quantify sensor performance and define uncertainty bounds. Linear calibration relationships were derived for each pollutant to characterize performance and uncertainty; however, primary analyses use unadjusted concentrations to avoid extrapolating calibration beyond the co-location environment. SO2sensors initially exhibited poor agreement and were therefore returned to the manufacturer for recalibration prior to deployment. Details of calibration procedures, validation metrics, and sensor performance are provided in Supplementary Information (S3, TableSA-2, Figs.S4–S9). Continuous reference co-location during the field campaign was not feasible; therefore, no time-dependent drift correction was applied. Instead, uncertainty associated with potential drift, residual cross-sensitivity, and measurement noise was addressed through conservative robustness analyses. Given the coastal deployment, we also recognize that electrochemical gas sensors and the optical PM2.5sensor may exhibit non-linear baseline variability associated with high relative humidity and saline aerosol exposure. Because continuous on-site reference measurements were unavailable during the campaign, we did not apply a deterministic post hoc correction for these effects. Rather, potential environmental interference was bounded through diagnostic screening of the 1-min time series for condensation-related artifacts (e.g., unphysical spikes, signal dropouts, or prolonged plateaus) and through an analytical design focused primarily on within-site relative contrasts rather than absolute concentrations. The case-crossover framework, in particular, relies on short-term matched comparisons, which reduce sensitivity to slowly varying baseline shifts. In the conditional logistic regression models, ambient relative humidity was included as a covariate to reduce confounding by concurrent moisture conditions. Residual humidity- or salinity-related effects cannot be fully excluded and are therefore treated as an interpretive limitation, particularly for more modest vertical contrasts. This approach prioritizes transparent uncertainty quantification over speculative post hoc corrections, and the Monte Carlo Robustness Test (MCRT) provides a conservative sensitivity analysis for generic baseline variability, while not explicitly modeling all possible non-linear environmental interferences (Supplementary InformationS4, Figs.S8andS9). Under the near-stack concentrations intercepted at the 40 m GAMMA site, electrochemical sensors may exhibit cross-sensitivity artifacts. The Envea Cairsens NO2sensor specifications do not identify SO2as a cross-interferent for the NO2channel29. A post hoc diagnostic at GAMMA—regressing NO₂ on SO₂ and ΔNO₂ on ΔSO₂ for the full 1-min dataset (n≈ 140,794; Supplementary InformationS3.4, Figs.S6andS7)—found only positive slopes, inconsistent with negative SO₂ cross-sensitivity, and residual sensor responses are further reduced by basing inference on within-site contrasts and time-stratified case-crossover episode odds rather than absolute levels. Meteorological conditions were characterized using 1-min wind speed and direction data from the port administration meteorological station (25.30° S, 49.31° W; ~10 m AGL), located near the BETA site. Additional meteorological variables, including temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation, were obtained at 15-min resolution from the regional environmental monitoring network of theSistema de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental do Paraná(SIMEPAR; 25.5378° S, 48.5296° W; 19 m AGL). These data were used to interpret temporal variability and perform wind-conditioned analyses. Raw 1-min measurements were screened for instrument diagnostics and physically implausible values. No periods were removed from the primary dataset; flagged values were retained but stress-tested in sensitivity analyses, which did not change qualitative inferences. Analyses focused on relative differences between sites and heights, including site-level statistics, temporal patterns, and wind-sector-conditioned concentration distributions. Uncertainty propagation and sensitivity testing were conducted using a Monte Carlo framework described in the Supplementary InformationS4. The campaign yielded 131,040 measurements per pollutant at each site. Gas-phase concentrations were converted from ppb to µg m⁻³ using the ideal gas relationship, assuming 25 °C and 1 atm (standardized conversion for comparability across sites), for consistency across sites and times; this conversion affects absolute magnitudes but not within-site relative contrast. PM2.5is reported directly in µg m⁻³. Pollutant data originally recorded at 1-min resolution were aggregated to 20-min or 1-h averages to align with meteorological observations and port activity logs (Table2). All conclusions are framed in terms of relative concentration contrasts and pattern robustness rather than absolute concentration values. The objective of this study was not to interpret measured pollutant concentrations as absolute regulatory values or precise estimates of population exposure. Instead, the analysis focuses on spatial and vertical variability, relative differences between monitoring heights, and the influence of port operations and meteorological conditions on pollutant distributions within a complex coastal boundary layer. The monitoring network was designed to capture representative exposure zones within the operational port environment rather than to approximate an idealized vertically co-located column. As a result, stations differ in both measurement height and horizontal distance from emission sources (approximately 10–20 m from berths for GAMMA, ~150 m for BETA, and ~300–500 m for ALPHA). Although this configuration introduces distance-dependent dilution effects, it reflects the realistic spatial arrangement of port infrastructure, worker activity, and near-field emission exposure within the port complex. To account for these fixed spatial offsets and isolate operational and meteorological drivers, the analytical framework emphasizes within-site relative contrasts and time-stratified comparisons. Specifically, ART-C and case-crossover designs evaluate changes relative to each site’s own baseline, thereby controlling static geographic factors such as source proximity and local geometry. This approach enables robust inference on how pollutant concentrations respond to operational phases and boundary-layer dynamics, independently of absolute distance-related dilution. Although sensors were calibrated against reference instruments prior to deployment and regression-based corrections were available, primary analyses were conducted using unadjusted sensor outputs. This conservative approach avoids introducing additional assumptions associated with extrapolating calibration relationships beyond their original co-location environment, particularly in a heterogeneous port setting with variable source mixtures and atmospheric conditions. Because the study emphasizes relative contrasts and internally consistent patterns rather than absolute magnitudes, the use of raw data does not affect the interpretation of vertical gradients or temporal behavior. Accordingly, scientific inference is based on internal coherence across sensors, reproducibility of height-dependent patterns, and consistency with boundary-layer theory, supporting the use of low-cost sensor networks as a proof-of-concept framework for height-resolved analysis of port emission dynamics in data-limited coastal environments. We applied statistical and descriptive methods to characterize atmospheric drivers of height-resolved air quality patterns and to contextualize potential source sectors and transport pathways. All meteorological and trajectory-based analyses were interpreted in terms of relative transport patterns and height-dependent influences, rather than absolute concentration attribution, consistent with the exploratory and proof-of-concept scope of the study. Backward air-mass trajectories were computed using HYSPLIT33,34to assess air mass origins and transport pathways influencing the study area. Trajectories were initialized at 10 m AGL (near BETA), 100 m AGL (lower boundary-layer), and 300 m AGL (upper boundary-layer context during shallow-to-moderate mixing). Meteorological inputs were obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration–National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NOAA-NCEP/NCAR) global reanalysis data (2.5° × 2.5° grid) via the openair package35. Hourly 96-h backward trajectories were generated from monthly meteorological files, yielding 2110 trajectories in total. Trajectories were clustered into six groups based on an angle distance matrix36to identify dominant transport pathways37(details in Supplementary InformationS5). Given the coarse spatial resolution of the reanalysis fields, trajectories are interpreted as a synoptic-scale transport context rather than as a fine-scale representation of port-scale sea-breeze structure. Mixing-layer depth was approximated using the planetary boundary-layer height (PBL height; meters AGL) diagnostic provided in the meteorological fields used to drive HYSPLIT. Following NOAA HYSPLIT guidance, PBL height was treated as an operational estimate of mixing depth for characterizing boundary-layer regime variability during the campaign. Because the driving reanalysis fields are coarsely resolved, PBL height is interpreted as a regional-scale indicator of the diurnal mixing environment rather than a port-scale measurement of the sea-breeze internal boundary layer. PBL-based mixing depth is used here to contextualize stability and vertical coupling regimes (e.g., shallow vs. deep mixing) rather than to quantify plume dilution at the terminal scale. To complement the convective mixing-distance analysis, we also applied a simplified Gaussian scaling assessment (Supplementary InformationS7) as an order-of-magnitude plausibility check. This analysis was used to evaluate whether, under representative coastal boundary-layer conditions, exponential attenuation associated with sampling below an elevated exhaust layer could plausibly equal or exceed the additional dilution associated with differing horizontal source-receptor distances among sites. To identify potential source regions, we applied the Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), linking hourly pollutant concentrations with backward trajectories to estimate the conditional probability that specific grid cells were associated with concentration exceedances (e.g., 75th percentile)14,37,38. PSCF results are interpreted as indicators of relative source influence rather than quantitative source apportionment. Interpretation of height-resolved pollutant profiles depends critically on the characteristic distance required for vertical mixing of elevated emissions, which varies with atmospheric stability regime. To quantify this dependence using campaign-specific conditions (Supplementary InformationS6), we estimated the convective velocity scale from solar flux data extracted from NOAA-NCEP/NCAR reanalysis fields (accessed via HYSPLIT trajectory analysis) and the estimated mixing layer depths (PBL height), combined with wind speed observations from the port administration meteorological station (~10 m AGL, near BETA). To assess the relative influence of offshore versus continental regions on observed pollutant concentrations, PSCF fields were quantitatively analyzed using an offshore-onshore contrast ratio (OCR). PSCF grids were filtered using a minimum trajectory count threshold to ensure statistical robustness. Grid cells were classified as offshore or onshore using a validated Brazilian mainland shapefile in WGS84 coordinates. For each pollutant, PSCF values were computed separately for offshore and onshore regions, and the OCR was defined as the ratio of offshore to onshore mean PSCF. This dimensionless metric enables comparison of marine versus continental source influence across pollutants with differing atmospheric lifetimes and source characteristics. Details are provided in Supplementary SectionS8. Considering that local air quality is modulated by atmospheric circulation, orography, and temporal variability, we used bivariate polar plots to examine the dependence of mean pollutant concentrations on wind speed and direction. The analysis was performed by aggregating time-series observations into wind speed-direction bins14,39,40,41using thepolarPlotfunction in theopenairR package14,42,43. These analyses provided insights into potential source directions at each monitoring location and guided source interpretation in relation to mapped port infrastructure (Fig.2). All statistical analyses were designed to detect relative contrasts across heights and operational states, consistent with the study’s focus on spatial-vertical pattern identification. Because both ART-C and case-crossover methods rely on within-site contrasts, they are robust to uncertainties in absolute concentration magnitude and are therefore well suited to the proof-of-concept objectives of this study. The Aligned Rank Transform with contrasts (ART-C) was applied to evaluate the effects of berthing and unberthing on pollutant concentrations (Supplementary InformationS9). ART-C enables Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)-style inference on main effects and interactions (here: berthing activity, terminal type, and monitoring height) for non-normal and heteroscedastic air quality data where standard ANOVA assumptions are violated44,45Two models were fitted in R using ARTool15andemmeans46packages: (1) a two-way model testing site (height/berth-position) × activity interactions (i.e., berthing/unberthing) on ±20-min average NO2, SO2, and PM2.5, followed by Tukey-adjusted pairwise contrasts; and (2) a one-way model assessing the main effect of maneuvering across sites using marginal means. Adequate replication (>20 observations per cell) and distributional checks were verified, and results were compared against alternative transformations to assess robustness and minimize potential Type I error inflation47,48,49. Data were aggregated to 20-min windows aligned with operational timestamps (Table2). A space-time-stratified case-crossover design was used to quantify short-term effects of port operational activities on height-resolved SO2, NO2, and PM2.5pollution episodes (Supplementary InformationS10). Each height-position monitoring site served as its own control, reducing confounding by time-invariant spatial factors50,51. Conditional logistic regression compared to episode occurrence (concentrations exceeding the 75th percentile) during case periods with matched control periods within the same stratum (monitoring height, hour, weekday, and month). Models estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for operational exposure windows (berthing/unberthing: ±20-min; hoteling: hourly), adjusting for meteorological covariates and operational logs. Covariates included precipitation, mixing layer depth, and activity duration. Temporal windows and percentile thresholds were selected based on observed rapid concentration spikes and supported by inspection of the 1-min time series. Model robustness was assessed via Monte Carlo resampling (50 iterations per scenario), preserving correlation structures within strata, and model selection was supported using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). We characterized height-resolved pollutant dynamics at the Port of Paranaguá, Brazil, by integrating horizontal and vertical gradients of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2with meteorological conditions and port operational activity to characterize pollutant dynamics across monitoring heights. Because sensors are distributed across distinct operational zones rather than vertically co-located, the observed contrasts reflect the combined effects of measurement height and source-receptor pathways. Accordingly, concentration patterns are interpreted as height- and zone-differentiated regimes within a heterogeneous port environment, rather than as an idealized vertical column, and emphasis is placed on relative spatial and height-dependent contrasts and internally consistent patterns, not on absolute concentration magnitudes. We first describe height-resolved and site-specific concentration patterns and their modulation by coastal atmospheric dynamics. Subsequently, we address source attribution and the contrasting effects of vessel maneuvering and hoteling activities on local air quality, followed by a comparison with international port case studies and implications for regulation and environmental management. The Port of Paranaguá is embedded within a coastal-mountain interface that strongly modulates air-pollution dispersion through shallow, stability-dependent boundary-layer dynamics. Coastal recirculation systems, further modulated by internal boundary-layer effects driven by land-sea thermal contrasts, are known to confine pollutants within shallow mixing depths. This process restricts vertical dispersion and facilitates shoreline fumigation, thereby exacerbating ground-level air pollution in coastal environments worldwide27,52,53,54,55,56,57,58. Air-mass back trajectories computed with HYSPLIT and clustered into six groups (Fig.3A) indicate that most air masses arriving at the port during the campaign traveled over the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. Two dominant clusters skirted the coastline, while a less frequent westerly pathway reflects intermittent inland flow interacting with the Serra do Mar mountain range (maximum elevation of ~1877 m AGL). Trajectories were evaluated for endpoints at 10, 100, and 300 m AGL, providing a regional-scale transport context, which rarely extended over 1000 m AGL, across arrival heights: a persistent marine background upon which local port emissions are superimposed. Mesoscale diagnostics are therefore used primarily to contextualize background transport and wind regimes, whereas concentration variability at GAMMA is interpreted in terms of near-field plume interception and boundary-layer dynamics, and ALPHA and BETA reflect a mixture of near-field port activity and stability-dependent vertical redistribution. ASix-cluster solution of 96-h backward air-mass trajectories calculated at hourly resolution using the HYSPLIT model, with endpoints at 10, 100, and 300 m above ground level (AGL), during the study period. Colored lines represent mean trajectories for each cluster, and percentages indicate cluster frequency.BHourly median variation of the mixing layer depth (PBL height) derived from HYSPLIT reanalysis diagnostics.CMean hourly profiles of SO2, NO2, and PM2.5concentrations measured at the ALPHA, BETA, and GAMMA monitoring sites. The atmospheric mixing environment exhibited pronounced diurnal variability, but with mixing-layer evolution that does not imply uniform dilution across all heights (Fig.3B). Mean mixing-layer depth (PBL height) increased from ~200 m AGL during nighttime (20:00–03:00 h local time) to ~700 m AGL in the early afternoon (14:00–15:00 h). Orographic confinement by the Serra do Mar modulates local meteorology and deposition patterns22, further limiting lateral ventilation, such that changes in PBL height reorganize pollutant distribution across vertical layers rather than simply reducing concentrations everywhere. In this coastal-orographic setting, shallow nocturnal layers suppress vertical exchange and promote vertical decoupling, while daytime growth of the boundary layer primarily enhances downward entrainment and vertical redistribution, rather than uniform dilution of near-field emissions22,23,27,56,57,59. In coastal settings bounded by complex orography, such as Paranaguá, sea-breeze circulation does not operate as a simple onshore–offshore exchange. Classic observational and modeling studies have shown that the coupling of sea-breeze and upslope winds produces convergence zones and “chimney-effect” vertical injection at the leading edge of the breeze, followed by layered return flows aloft and compensatory subsidence offshore56,60,61,62,63. These processes promote the formation of elevated pollutant reservoirs within the coastal boundary layer, particularly when mixing heights are shallow and ventilation is limited. Under such regimes, vertical redistribution and temporary retention aloft can dominate over horizontal dilution, even when near-surface concentrations remain comparatively low. Accordingly, mesoscale diagnostics are used here to describe circulation regimes that enable vertical layering, while concentration variability at GAMMA is interpreted primarily in terms of near-field plume interception occurring within these regime-dependent boundary-layer structures. Surface sites (ALPHA, 1.5 m; BETA, 10 m). During shallow nocturnal mixing, the surface layer decoupled from the air aloft. Ship plumes remained stratified within the residual layer (20–60 m), resulting in lower surface concentrations. As daytime convective growth eroded the nocturnal inversion, two competing processes emerged: (1) downward fumigation of elevated SO2, chemically processed NOₓ, and PM2.5reservoirs; and (2) upward coupling of local surface emissions (traffic, cargo handling). Because the port is a strong near-field source, vertical coupling dominated over dilution, increasing surface concentrations as the PBL deepened. This behavior was reinforced by the daytime intensification of port operations, which covaried with boundary-layer growth and tightened the emission-PBL height coupling. Elevated site (GAMMA, 40 m AGL). This sensor intercepted ship plumes at the stack exit (20–60 m). Under stable nocturnal conditions, weak vertical turbulence-maintained plume coherence, resulting in persistently elevated SO2(Table3, Fig.3C). Maxima aligned with berth-oriented wind sectors under low wind speeds (Fig.4B, C). As the daytime PBL deepened well beyond 40 m, GAMMA transitioned from plume interception to the convective layer interior. Here, dilution mechanisms—vertical dispersion into ~700 m of air and horizontal ventilation by sea-breeze flow—dominated, causing concentrations to decrease despite sustained emissions, consistent with SO2being approximately conserved on hourly timescales relative to turbulent mixing and advection under dry conditions. PM2.5at GAMMA shows late-morning enhancement coincident with intensified mechanical mixing, followed by dilution as the mixed layer deepens. AWind roses showing wind speed (ws) and direction during the sampling period, separated into nighttime and daytime conditions.BBivariate polar plots of mean PM2.5, NO2, and SO2concentrations as a function of wind speed and direction for each monitoring height (ALPHA: 1.5 m AGL; BETA: 10 m AGL; GAMMA: 40 m AGL) over the full campaign.CCorresponding polar plots are stratified by nighttime and daytime periods. Polar plots are constructed from the original 1-min observations, which are binned by wind speed and direction; colors represent mean concentrations within each bin. Thus, temporal averaging occurs only within wind-sector bins rather than across time, preserving short-term variability while isolating wind-dependent patterns. Complementary temporal variability based on daily medians and interquartile ranges is shown in Fig.S3. This inversion of the vertical gradient arose primarily from source-height positioning rather than species-specific chemistry. Figure4Cillustrates this signature: nighttime SO2at BETA approached background levels while GAMMA remained elevated, confirming dynamic decoupling. Conversely, daytime SO2enhancement at ALPHA and BETA reflected partial fumigation. NO2and PM2.5patterns (Figs.3C and4C) further illustrate the competition between persistent stack-level emissions aloft and distinct ground-level hotspots driven by truck traffic. Coastal boundary-layer structure further reinforces these patterns. Coastal sea–land-breeze circulation (Fig.4A; mean wind speed ~2.4 m s⁻¹, rarely exceeding 6 m s⁻¹), together with orographic confinement by the Serra do Mar, suppresses lateral ventilation such that changes in PBL height reorganize pollutant mass vertically rather than removing it uniformly. Diurnal wind roses (Fig.4A) confirm a recurrent sea-breeze regime, with predominantly light-to-moderate winds and infrequent strong mechanical mixing events (<10%), emphasizing the dominance of thermal stratification over shear-driven mixing. These findings demonstrate that PBL height functions as a vertical-coupling indicator rather than a monotonic dilution control: shallow nocturnal layers preserve stack-height concentrations and suppress surface impacts, whereas daytime boundary-layer growth promotes downward redistribution and enhanced near-surface concentrations through fumigation and coincident daytime intensification of port operations. Boundary-layer dynamics, sea-breeze circulation, and orographic confinement therefore determine which mixture of fresh and aged emissions is sampled at each height, with nocturnal stability favoring interception of relatively fresh stack-height plumes aloft and daytime convection promoting dilution, vertical redistribution, and enhanced photochemical processing within the mixed layer. The interpretation of vertical gradients requires distinguishing two mixing processes that operate on fundamentally different spatial scales. Local turbulent eddies would theoretically mix the lowest 50 m of the atmosphere within approximately 1 min, corresponding to a horizontal transport distance of ~150–200 m at the prevailing wind speed (~2.5 m s⁻¹). Complete downward entrainment—inversion break‑up fumigation—of elevated ship plumes to the surface is a distinct macro‑scale process requiring convective processing of the entire ~700 m daytime planetary boundary layer and operates on a ~1 km spatial scale. These height-dependent concentration contrasts are mechanistically consistent with established dispersion theory for elevated sources. Ship exhaust from ocean-going vessels is typically released from stacks located tens of meters above deck level, with effective release height further influenced by near-field plume rise driven by exhaust buoyancy, exit velocity, and ambient mixing conditions7,57. To explain the observed vertical decoupling between the elevated exhaust layer and the surface sensors during stable nocturnal conditions, we apply a classical Gaussian plume dispersion framework following Turner64, Hanna et al.65and Seinfeld and Pandis57. Under neutral-to-slightly stable stratification characteristic of the campaign, Pasquill–Gifford parameterizations yield\({\sigma }_{z}\)≈ 8–15 m at the ~150 m source-receptor distance of BETA and\({\sigma }_{z}\)≈ 15–23 m at the ~300–500 m distance of ALPHA, corresponding to a representative range of 10–20 m across the intersite comparison distances. At GAMMA’s near-field distance of 10–20 m from active berths,\({\sigma }_{z}\)is considerably smaller, meaning the GAMMA sensor intercepts the plume close to its centreline. Because\({\sigma }_{z}\)remains small relative to the receptor–centreline displacement at BETA and ALPHA, the exponential vertical attenuation—governed by the displacement of the receptor from the effective emission height—dominates over the gradual horizontal dilution, which scales with the inverse product of the lateral and vertical dispersion parameters\({\sigma }_{y}{\sigma }_{z}\). For a receptor located ~38 m below the plume centerline (i.e., ALPHA relative to an effective release height of ~40 m), vertical attenuation can be expressed through the Gaussian factorFz, which describes the exponential decay of concentration with vertical displacement from the plume centerline. Under the observed stability conditions,Fzranges from ~0.16 (~0.8 orders of magnitude reduction) under weakly stable conditions to ~6 × 10⁻⁴ (>3 orders of magnitude reduction) under neutral-to-stable conditions. In contrast, geometric dilution over 300–500 m typically results in concentration reductions of only one to two orders of magnitude. These order-of-magnitude differences indicate that, under stability-limited conditions, vertical exclusion from the elevated plume layer can exert a stronger control on near-surface concentrations than horizontal dilution in the near field. Detailed dispersion calculations and corresponding attenuation factors are provided in Supplementary Information (Section S7). More generally, under Gaussian scaling, concentration decreases gradually with distance through geometric spreading, governed by the inverse product of lateral and vertical dispersion\(({{\sigma }_{y}{\sigma }_{z}})^{-1}\), whereas vertical concentration profiles exhibit exponential sensitivity to displacement from the effective release height57,64,65. In shallow coastal boundary layers, nocturnal mixing depths can remain only a few hundred meters or less, suppressing vertical diffusivity and allowing elevated layers to persist until the morning transition promotes fumigation53,66. Under such stability-limited conditions, receptors separated by ~30–40 m vertically can sample materially different parts of an elevated plume structure even within a few hundred meters horizontally. Although greater downwind distance can increase the opportunity for lower receptors to intercept the plume as vertical spread develops, this occurs simultaneously with dilution and may remain secondary to strong vertical attenuation below the effective exhaust height. Consistent with this, ship-emission sensitivity studies show that the vertical distribution of ship exhaust exerts strong control on ground-level pollutant fields in port environments7. Accordingly, the persistent SO2enhancement observed at 40 m AGL is mechanistically consistent with near-field interception of an elevated exhaust layer under stability-limited mixing, rather than being attributable solely to horizontal proximity to emission sources. Quantitative diagnostics derived from campaign-specific meteorology (Fig.3) support this interpretation. During daytime heating, convective velocity scales (1.7–2.0 m s⁻¹) become comparable to mean wind speeds (~2.4 m s⁻¹), implying vertical turnover on the order of ~10 min for a (700 m column) and mixing distances on the order of ~1 km—the macro-scale fumigation timescale at which full boundary-layer inversion break-up becomes active (see also the scale distinction in the paragraph above)53,67. This regime promotes efficient downward entrainment of elevated ship plumes into the surface layer, explaining increasing concentrations with PBL height at ALPHA and BETA. The convective velocity scale is used here strictly as a bulk diagnostic indicator for boundary‑layer regime transition. When daytime solar heating generates convective eddies, the boundary layer grows and initiates inversion break‑up fumigation, coupling the elevated ship exhaust reservoir to the surface layer53,64. The convective velocity scale is not applied to predict absolute mixing distances; it identifies the atmospheric regime in which full‑column convective mixing of the ~700 m PBL occurs. The ~150–200 m near‑surface mixing scale and the ~1 km full‑column fumigation scale correspond to these two distinct regimes. Conversely, under nocturnal stable conditions (Table4), the collapse of convective turbulence (<0.5 m s⁻¹) and shallow mixing depths (<200 m) suppress vertical exchange, allowing emissions released near stack height (~40 m AGL) to persist as vertically decoupled plumes56,68,69. As a result, GAMMA exhibits maximum concentrations under shallow PBL height, while surface levels remain low. This opposite PBL height response across heights reflects source-height segregation and stability-controlled mixing rather than species-specific chemistry. Together, these layered dynamics explain why 10–40 m vertical separations correspond to fundamentally distinct concentration regimes and underscore why surface-only monitoring underrepresents process-relevant and operationally important pollutant burdens in this coastal port environment. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis reveals pollutant-specific spatial patterns shaped by coastal circulation and emission height (Fig.5). Elevated PSCF values indicate regions with higher conditional probability of contributing to observed pollution events at the receptor sites, thereby reflecting dominant transport pathways and likely source regions rather than deterministic source attribution. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) maps for PM2.5, NO2, and SO2at the ALPHA, BETA, and GAMMA sites, based on concentration exceedances above the 90th percentile. Warmer colors indicate grid cells with a higher conditional probability of association with elevated concentrations at the receptor, derived from backward trajectory analysis over the study period. SO2exhibits pronounced offshore PSCF maxima at the elevated GAMMA site (40 m AGL), spatially aligned with major shipping lanes and anchorage areas during onshore flow. In contrast, NO2and PM2.5display stronger continental associations, particularly at the near-surface and mid-level sites. OCR confirms this pollutant- and height-dependent divergence (OCR > 1 indicates stronger offshore association): at GAMMA, SO2shows clear offshore dominance (OCR = 1.70), whereas NO2is predominantly continental (OCR = 0.51). At the mid-level BETA site, NO2exhibits an approximately neutral contrast (OCR ~ 1.0), consistent with enhanced vertical mixing of ship-emitted NOx(nitrogen oxides) into this layer during daytime boundary-layer growth, together with rapid near-field NO → NO2conversion during plume dilution. PM2.5shows strong continental dominance (OCR = 0.28), reflecting land-based sources and regional background contributions. These contrasts indicate that offshore influence is selectively expressed at stack height for SO2, whereas NO2and PM2.5patterns require interpretation in the context of land-based activity, chemical processing, and boundary-layer redistribution rather than direct marine sourcing. The NOx/SO2mass emission ratio applicable to vessels calling at Paranaguá differs substantially from that characterizing U.S. Emission Control Area (ECA)-compliant fleets. Under the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 2020 global sulfur cap (0.50% S by mass)70—the applicable regulatory framework in Brazilian waters, which are not subject to ECA requirements—the SO2emission factor for marine diesel combustion is approximately 10 g SO2kg⁻¹ fuel, yielding a fuel-based NOx/SO2mass ratio of approximately 7.6–10.1 for slow-speed diesel engines71,72,73. Applying this ratio to the observed campaign-mean SO2at GAMMA (~141 µg m⁻³) implies a total NOxof approximately 1130–1270 µg m⁻³. Applying this ratio to the observed campaign-mean SO₂ at GAMMA (~141 µg m⁻³) implies a total NOxof approximately 1130–1270 µg m⁻³. Direct measurements of fresh marine diesel exhaust consistently report primary NO2fractions of approximately 5–10% of total NOxat the stack exit, prior to ozone tritation74,75,76, yielding a predicted primary NO2contribution of approximately 56–113 µg m⁻³. The observed campaign-mean NO2at GAMMA of 31 µg m⁻³ falls below this range, consistent with the combined effects of plume dilution and near-field kinetic suppression of NO → NO2conversion. The multi-height concentration contrasts of NO2, SO2, and PM2.5across ALPHA, BETA, and GAMMA (Table3, Fig.4) showed pronounced height- and site-specific differences shaped by emission proximity, wind regimes, boundary-layer dynamics, and operational activities. Because sensors are horizontally distributed across distinct operational zones, the observed contrasts reflect the combined influence of measurement height and proximity to dominant sources. SO2exhibited a clear height-dependent pattern. Near the surface, elevated SO2concentrations occurred only during infrequent high-wind events (>6–10 m s⁻¹), associated with specific wind sectors (Fig.4A–C). Under northwesterly flow, these episodes are consistent with episodic advection from localized upwind sources in the NW sector (including, e.g., fertilizer-related port activities, landfill, industrial and other port-adjacent activities), as indicated by wind-sector alignment and site geography (Fig.2). Under easterly flow, enhanced SO2reflects transport from port-related hotspots aligned with the dominant sea-breeze circulation (Fig.4C). Outside these events, surface SO2remained close to background levels despite sustained port activity. In contrast, SO2concentrations at stack height (GAMMA) remained persistently elevated under typical sea-breeze conditions, reflecting direct interception of ship exhaust plumes. This pronounced contrast between near-surface and elevated measurements demonstrates that surface-only monitoring substantially underrepresents gaseous pollutant burdens within the port environment. Vertical structure and atmospheric chemistry further reinforce this interpretation. This vertical decoupling of SO2and NO2at GAMMA is governed by the kinetics of the NO + O3→ NO2reaction in fresh ship plumes. At the near-stack distances sampled by GAMMA (10–20 m from active berths), exhaust has undergone minimal dilution. NO concentrations within the plume core are sufficient to deplete locally available O3before net NO2production can occur75,77,78,79, after which further conversion is rate-limited by entrainment of fresh background ozone from the plume boundary—a process requiring transport distances of tens to hundreds of meters at the prevailing mean wind speed (~2.4 m s⁻¹). Alföldy et al.79demonstrated directly that the NO2/NOxratio inside a fresh ship plume evolves independently of ambient ozone concentrations, confirming that ozone-driven conversion requires substantial transport time and mixing. Under stable conditions, Badeke et al.7further showed that ship exhaust remains stratified near the effective emission height, limiting downward ozone entrainment. Consequently, GAMMA intercepts unmixed plumes characterized by high SO2but kinetically suppressed NO2fractions. The higher campaign-mean NO2at BETA (64 µg m⁻³; Table3) reflects chemically aged ship-emitted NOx—with NO → NO2conversion having proceeded over approximately 150 m of transport—combined with contributions from land-based diesel sources that emit substantial NOxwithout co-emitting SO2, consistent with the continental PSCF dominance for NO2at BETA (OCR = 0.51) and patterns reported in near-port multi-height emission studies80. Rapid NO–NO2interconversion, although occurring on minute timescales comparable to convective turnover, primarily modulates absolute NO2levels and NOxpartitioning rather than generating the persistent height-dependent contrasts reported here; in this near-source setting, those contrasts are governed mainly by emission height, plume interception, and stability-controlled mixing, whereas chemistry acts as a secondary modifier of magnitude. Similar conclusions have been reported in near-road and near-port studies, where NO2/NOₓ ratios evolve rapidly with distance, yet relative spatial and vertical patterns remain robust close to sources81,82. PSCF patterns for PM2.5extend inland and southward, consistent with contributions from bulk cargo handling, resuspension processes, and regional background aerosol. For PM2.5, vertical enhancement does not imply offshore sourcing (as confirmed by OCR) but reflects efficient upward redistribution of land-emitted particles within a shallow, stability-controlled coastal boundary layer. Forward trajectory analysis (Fig.S2) indicates net dispersion toward offshore regions rather than persistent recirculation. This is not contradictory to the offshore PSCF maxima for SO2: PSCF identifies likely upwind source regions, whereas forward trajectories characterize downwind fate. Considering the atmospheric lifetimes of SO2and NOx83,84,85, offshore sectors therefore act as intermittent contributors under favorable onshore winds, rather than long-term accumulation reservoirs. This framing is consistent with coastal-circulation theory showing that pollutant ‘storage’ in sea-breeze systems is more plausibly expressed as elevated layers associated with convergence, upslope coupling, and return flows aloft, rather than as stationary accumulation over the marine boundary layer56,60,61,62,63. The spatial coincidence of enhanced PSCF values with high vessel density and anchorage zones (Fig.2) supports a dominant contribution from near-field maritime activity, comparable to anchorage-related hotspots reported at other major ports3. Overall, PSCF and trajectory analyses contextualize the observed height-dependent concentration patterns within the regional circulation framework without implying precise source apportionment. The results highlight the dominant maritime control on SO2at stack height and the stronger influence of land-based and regional processes on NO2and PM2.5. Accordingly, the PM2.5signal reflects terrestrial port logistics and bulk-handling emissions that are redistributed vertically by stability-dependent mixing, rather than marine emission dominance. In line with Millán et al.56, the coexistence of convergence-driven vertical injection and layered return flows provides a physically grounded mechanism by which port-emitted pollutants can accumulate aloft and persist temporally without requiring offshore storage or atmospheric lifetime, resulting in large differences within tens of kilometers. Within the proof-of-concept scope of this study, these findings elucidate mechanisms by which port-related emissions can accumulate aloft and persist under specific coastal meteorological regimes. More specifically, the combination of onshore sea-breeze penetration, orographic constraint and compensating return flows can create layered vertical structures in which pollutants are intermittently lofted (“chimney-effect” injection at convergence) and retained aloft before being re-entrained or fumigated downward as mixing evolves, providing a physically grounded basis for the observed vertical enrichment and regime-dependent redistribution. While direct quantification of impacts on surrounding neighborhoods is beyond the resolution of the available measurements, the observed vertical enrichment, wind-sector alignment, and recirculation-prone conditions indicate plausible pathways for episodic spillover beyond the port boundary, consistent with evidence from other coastal port environments27,56,58,86. Importantly, any “spillover” inference is mechanistic: it arises from the coexistence of elevated pollutant layers at stack-relevant heights and circulation regimes capable of advecting and vertically redistributing those layers inland, rather than from measured concentrations in residential receptors. Time-series analysis reveals distinct and persistent temporal signatures across monitoring heights (1-min temporal evolution: Fig.S3and TableSA-3; hourly average: Table3; and daily average: Fig.6), reflecting the combined influence of emission continuity, boundary-layer dynamics, and source proximity. Because all monitoring sites were located within the port, interpretation focuses on relative vertical contrasts and temporal coherence rather than absolute exposure levels. Daily mean concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2measured at ALPHA (1.5 m AGL), BETA (10 m AGL), and GAMMA (40 m AGL) during the monitoring campaign. Daily mean temperature, relative humidity, and accumulated precipitation in Paranaguá, Brazil, are shown for reference. SO2shows the strongest vertical separation. Concentrations at GAMMA (40 m AGL) remain persistently elevated throughout the campaign, with daily mean values averaging ~141 µg m⁻³ and moderate relative variability around a persistently elevated baseline with limited hour-to-hour variability (coefficient of variation, CV: ~23% for hourly means; Table3). This stability reflects sustained interception of ship exhaust plumes from auxiliary engines operating for extended periods during hoteling. In contrast, SO2at ALPHA (1.5 m) and BETA (10 m) remains near background for most of the period, with brief enhancements during infrequent high-wind events (occasionally exceeding 6–10 m s⁻¹) associated with episodic transport from localized northwesterly upwind sources (Fig.4). NO2displays a contrasting temporal structure (Table3, Fig.6). Campaign-average concentrations were highest at BETA, approximately doubling those observed at ALPHA and GAMMA; however, consistent with the MCRT results (Supplementary Information S4), this height ordering is treated as an indicative trend rather than a robust vertical hierarchy. Ship plumes are NO‑dominated at the stack exit, whereas in this study NO₂ is measured rather than total NOₓ, so near‑field NO₂ can be decoupled from co‑emitted SO₂ because NO₂ formation depends on plume age and oxidant availability. The mid-level NO2enhancement is consistent with a plausible contribution from land-based combustion sources within the port operational footprint, including heavy-duty vehicles, cargo-handling equipment, and fertilizer-related operations. While the absence of hourly truck-count and machinery-activity data precludes deterministic source attribution, the observed daytime NO2enhancements qualitatively align with typical daytime periods of intensified port activity, including truck circulation and cargo-handling operations. Accordingly, this land-side attribution is presented as a physically and operationally consistent hypothesis rather than a firm explanation. Temporal variability is higher at stack height relative to the other sites, reflecting intermittent emissions mixing and stronger coupling to daytime operational activity. Polar analyses corroborate this interpretation, showing diffuse multi-source influence near the surface and enhanced concentrations aligned with northwesterly winds from the port’s core logistical zones (Fig.4B). PM2.5exhibits more moderate height dependence but pronounced episodic behavior. Southern and western wind sectors are associated with higher PM2.5, corresponding to areas of intense logistical activity and bulk cargo operations. Concentrations remain relatively stable across sites for much of the campaign, punctuated by short-lived extreme events, particularly following dry periods in mid-September and mid-October (Fig.6). These episodes disproportionately influence mean values and are associated with reduced scavenging, resuspension, and intensified port operations. Daytime activities intensified these effects, while nighttime mountain-sea breeze circulation reduced dispersion and favored vertical decoupling and accumulation within poorly ventilated layers under weak winds and shallow vertical mixing5,53,56,87,88,89. To quantitatively reinforce these patterns, height-dependent differences in temporal variability (expressed as CV) were compared using fold-change comparisons. Height-resolved variability exhibited strong, pollutant-specific vertical contrasts (Table3). SO2variability at mid-height was approximately 6-fold higher than at stack-relevant height and ~3-fold higher than at the surface, reflecting its position within the transition zone between surface fumigation and elevated plume interception. NO2displayed the opposite structure, with variability at 40 m AGL ~2-fold higher than at near-surface and mid-level sites, consistent with episodic interception of evolving plumes under active mixing. In contrast, PM2.5variability differed by <1.1-fold across heights, reflecting efficient vertical redistribution and multi-source control. Together, these fold-differences demonstrate that surface-only monitoring consistently misrepresents the temporal structure and underestimates elevated layers of port-related pollution, underscoring the need for height-resolved observations in coastal ports. In summary, hourly summaries (Table3) consistently show contrasting height-dependent behavior: SO2peaks at stack-level, NO2shows an indicative mid-height enhancement, and PM2.5showed similar or modestly elevated mean concentrations at 10–40 m AGL relative to the surface, reflecting vertical redistribution and regional background, while the strongest operation-linked PM2.5enhancements occurred at ground level. This pattern is consistent with BETA sampling a layer that frequently reflects mixing between upward-coupled surface emissions and downward- or horizontally transported aerosols from elevated plumes, while GAMMA is more directly influenced by elevated ship and regional background plumes. A dry episode (11–14 September) affected all monitoring heights, accentuating pollutant accumulation despite September typically being a rainy month in the region. These findings are consistent with previous port studies4,90reporting SO2enrichment aloft driven by stack emissions and buoyant plume rise, while NO2height dependence is consistent with the influence of surface-level combustion sources and traffic corridors. Enhanced PM2.5at elevated heights is likely influenced by uplift, reduced deposition losses, and resuspension processes, consistent with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based profiling in dry bulk ports4. High-frequency (1-min) data further resolve these dynamics (Fig.S3and TableSA-3). SO2at GAMMA exhibits narrow concentration distributions consistent with quasi-continuous plume interception producing a persistently elevated baseline around which short-term fluctuations occur. In contrast, greater short-term variability for SO2at ALPHA and BETA and NO2at GAMMA reflects intermittent fumigation and enhanced atmospheric mixing driven by local heterogeneous land-based sources. These patterns are consistent with stability-driven recirculation and regional background aerosol, with episodic enhancements from terrestrial port activities (bulk handling, resuspension, and traffic). Despite higher means at 10–40 m, PM2.5shows largely overlapping distributions across heights due to episodic spikes and positive skewness. The overlap in PM2.5distributions across heights suggests a strong regional background influence and underscores the limits of daily averages for resolving operation-driven variability. Taken together, these temporal signatures demonstrate that a surface-only monitoring strategy would substantially underestimate stack-level SO2burdens, miss the indicative mid-level NO2enhancement, and neglect episodic PM2.5extremes. Continuous, multi-height observations are therefore essential for resolving the full temporal and vertical structure of port-related air pollution in complex coastal environments. Given the single-season scope and high meteorological variability of the spring transition period, these results should be interpreted as a mechanistic demonstration of vertically differentiated concentration regimes rather than a comprehensive seasonal exposure assessment. ART-C ANOVA with post hoc comparisons (Fig.7B, C) indicated that port operations exert height-dependent and pollutant-specific effects on air quality. Vessel maneuvering (berthing/unberthing) significantly increased SO2and NO2concentrations at mid- and upper-level sensors (BETA at 10 m and GAMMA at 40 m AGL), whereas PM2.5was most responsive at ground level (ALPHA at 1.5 m AGL). These contrasts reflect the segregation between stack-height ship emissions and surface-based sources associated with cargo handling and vehicle activity. Results of Aligned Rank Transform with contrasts (ART-C) analysis evaluating differences in PM2.5, NO2, and SO2concentrations associated with berthing and unberthing activities (±20 min around documented timestamps, docking status: TRUE or FALSE).ABoxplots summarizing pollutant concentrations by monitoring height, terminal type, and maneuvering status.BPost hoc pairwise contrasts comparing maneuvering versus non-maneuvering periods at each site.CComparisons among monitoring heights under maneuvering and non-maneuvering conditions. Pairwise contrasts are based on estimated marginal means with Tukey-adjustedp-values. Terminal-specific analyses revealed nuanced patterns: at Container Terminals, PM2.5concentrations at BETA and GAMMA were significantly elevated during maneuvering, suggesting that land-based emissions contribute to elevated fine particulate levels aloft (adjustedp< 0.001). Solid Bulk Terminals showed broader sensitivity, with all pollutants affected across heights except for SO2at the stack-level site. In contrast, Liquid Bulk Terminals exhibited changes for PM2.5only at ALPHA. These patterns are consistent with differences in fuel use, equipment electrification, and material handling intensity across terminal types. Vertical gradients during maneuvering displayed distinct pollutant-specific patterns (Fig.7A). Campaign-wide, mean PM2.5concentrations were similar or modestly elevated at 10–40 m AGL, whereas the incremental impact of port operations on PM2.5was strongest at ground level. SO2followed a highly robust gradient of BETA < ALPHA < GAMMA. In contrast, NO2showed an indicative pattern toward higher concentrations at BETA (GAMMA < ALPHA < BETA). As shown by the MCRT (Supplementary Section S4), SO2height contrasts remained robust under conservative sensor-drift assumptions, whereas the NO2height ordering was comparatively less stable and is therefore interpreted as an indicative trend reflecting the combined effects of emission sources, atmospheric mixing, and terminal location. However, the incremental influence of port operations was strongest in the lower layers for PM2.5and NO2, while SO2responses were dominated by stack-level interception at GAMMA. Notably, sea breezes, coastal recirculation, and local topography modulated the persistence and inland transport of these pollutants. Spatial analysis, supported by wind regime characterization (Fig.4B,C), highlighted the combined effects of port infrastructure, operational sectors, and meteorological dynamics. For example, elevated NO2concentrations at ground level during container (un)berthing events (Fig.7B) were consistent with vehicle-related emissions, while strong, although infrequent, westerly winds suggested street canyon-like recirculation, amplifying pollutant trapping. Day-night contrasts in wind patterns (Fig.4C) further illustrated the impact of mountain-sea breeze dynamics on regional recirculation and ambient concentrations. In addition, vessel traffic within the bay may also have contributed to the observed NO2enhancement at BETA, as suggested by spatial coincidence with maritime operations (Figs.4and5). These observations align with the findings of Gao et al.3, who reported cargo type-dependent emission profiles, reflecting variations in vessel size, design, fuel consumption, and operating patterns. In Shanghai Port, container ships exhibited the highest emissions, followed by oil tankers and bulk carriers, making these vessel classes central targets for emission reduction. Notably, container ships and oil tankers at berth accounted for the greatest emission loads, with waiting container ships emitting the most, followed by oil tankers and bulk carriers. Among vessels entering and departing, low-speed navigation phases produced the highest emissions, followed by maneuvering and steady-speed navigation. Collectively, our results highlight the critical influence of operational activities, terminal function and location, and emission height on local air pollutant concentrations in port environments. These additional findings further reinforce the importance of height-resolved monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies that account for both the spatial and vertical heterogeneity of emissions in maritime cities. The case-crossover analysis (Fig.8) provided a quantitative assessment of the transient effect of operational events (maneuvering and hoteling) on the risk of air pollution episodes (concentrations ≥75th percentile) across monitoring heights, stratified by cargo type (liquid bulk, solid bulk, and container). The resulting odds ratios (ORs) are reported in the Supplementary Information. Percentage change (with 95% confidence intervals) in the probability of pollution episodes—defined as concentrations exceeding the 75th percentile—associated with port operational activities at ALPHA (1.5 m AGL), BETA (10 m AGL), and GAMMA (40 m AGL).AUnberthing and unberthing operations within a ±20 min window.BOne-hour hoteling periods, stratified by cargo type. Estimates are derived from space-time–stratified case-crossover models. The analysis identified distinct meteorological covariates as significant predictors in the best-fit models for different operational phases, with precipitation and humidity being significant during maneuvering, and, additionally, temperature and mixing layer depth being more relevant during hoteling. These phase-specific associations may reflect differences in time-window selection: shorter windows tend to capture acute changes like moisture spikes, while longer windows reveal cumulative effects such as thermal conditions and atmospheric stability. Such sensitivity to temporal resolution is well-documented and can affect both impact estimation and covariate selection91,92, emphasizing the context-dependent impact of meteorological variables within port operations. Our analysis identified consistent vertical gradients in pollution patterns associated with port operational activities. For PM2.5, episode odds showed the strongest response to maneuvering emissions at ground level (ALPHA), with episode probability increasing by 44% (95% CI: 29–60%) for container, 36% (21–52%) for liquid bulk, and 16% (9.5–23%) for solid bulk terminals—substantially higher than at 10 m and 40 m AGL. Episode likelihood decreased sharply with height, indicating a limited incremental effect of maneuvering at elevated levels once background burdens are considered, underscoring the dominance of surface-based sources and the limited vertical penetration of maneuvering-related PM2.5under typical conditions. Container vessels contributed most to ground-level PM2.5episodes, while solid and liquid bulk vessels had relatively greater impacts at mid (BETA) and upper (GAMMA) sensor heights, consistent with their distinct operational footprints. In contrast, NO2and SO2episodes displayed smaller, yet consistent, increases in odds that also declined with height. For NO2, episode occurrence ranged from 7.9% (5.6–10.1%) at ground level to 3.3% (2.2–4.4%) at stack height during maneuvering, indicating that short-term NO2enhancements are most pronounced near the surface. For SO2, the incremental odds attributable to maneuvering were negligible at stack height relative to the already elevated background but peaked at the mid-height sensor, particularly during container operations, with a smaller effect at the ground-level sensor. These trends reflect the combination of rapid dispersion and recirculation of SO2and NO2and the influence of an already elevated background at higher levels, especially for SO2at GAMMA, where sustained background concentrations dominate over incremental changes during operational windows. To further clarify the role of land-based emissions, we examined how hoteling activities stratified by cargo type influenced pollution episodes across the vertical profile. Hoteling is associated with consistently elevated SO2and NO2episode probabilities (>6.8%) across all sensor heights and cargo types, with percentage changes during hoteling exceeding those observed for maneuvering (Fig.8B). This finding highlights the important contribution of stationary vessel emissions and land-based logistics to episodic gaseous pollution. Operational patterns (TableSA-1) further reinforce these findings: container vessels, which are frequent but have shorter hoteling periods, generate rapid and intense pollution episodes; liquid bulk carriers, though less frequent, have longer hoteling times and contribute to sustained emission events; solid bulk vessels display intermediate episodic profiles. This heterogeneity in emission sources and durations shapes the overall temporal and vertical impact on local air quality. Ground operations at the container terminal rely primarily on diesel-powered cargo-handling equipment operating with S10 ultra-low sulfur diesel (10 ppm sulfur)93,94, which substantially limits SO2emissions from surface sources. In contrast, although compliance with MARPOL Annex VI (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships)93has reduced the sulfur content of marine fuels from 3.5% to 0.5% globally and to 0.1% within Emission Control Areas, marine fuels still contain hundreds to thousands of times more sulfur than ultra-low sulfur diesel used in ground operations. Consequently, ship exhaust remains the dominant SO2source in port environments. The liquid bulk terminal is largely electrified, while solid bulk handling is dominated by conveyor systems with moderate vehicle activity. These operational differences help explain site-specific variability in PM2.5and NO2at lower heights, whereas the elevated SO2concentrations observed at GAMMA are best explained by proximity to ship stack emissions and stability-dependent plume interception rather than by ground-based sources or horizontal sensor separation. PM2.5-episode likelihood was most pronounced for solid bulk operations at ground level (74%; 63–85%) and remained substantial at higher elevations and across cargo types, highlighting the critical role of land-based port activities in ground-level PM2.5pollution. Local factors such as fertilizer handling and bulk cargo logistics are persistent PM2.5sources, with vertical sensor placement and meteorology critically determining exposure. In contrast, a notably low probability was observed for SO2at the stack-level, which remained negligible regardless of operation, consistent with SO2at GAMMA being dominated by a high background related to continuous ship and anchorage emissions rather than by incremental changes during the defined operational windows. Several studies highlight the dominant roles of ship emissions and land-based sources in shaping air pollution in coastal and port environments3,4,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103, yet comparatively few explicitly examine how meteorological conditions and operational dynamics structure air quality within ports5,103,104,105,106,107. The vertical and spatial pollutant gradients observed at the Port of Paranaguá reveal features that are distinctive of bulk-commodity ports operating under subtropical climates and strong topographic confinement. Accounting for differences in methodologies and regulatory context, including contrasts between pre- and post-MARPOL periods, ship-emission inventories for major Chinese port cities report pollutant concentrations of comparable order of magnitude to those observed here100,103. Except for the generally lower PM2.5burden at Paranaguá, similar concentrations of gaseous pollutants have been reported during pre-MARPOL years across more than thirty harbor-focused case studies spanning Europe, Africa, and Asia101. At Paranaguá’s elevated site (GAMMA), PM2.5frequently falls within—or exceeds—the range reported for ports such as New York/New Jersey and Shanghai102,108,109, suggesting a sustained local influence rather than episodic background dominance, likely driven by persistent cargo-handling activities and comparatively less effective dispersion under subtropical conditions. In contrast, the most intense port-operational-related risk of PM2.5and NO2episodes at Paranaguá occurs at ground level, particularly near bulk and container terminals, underscoring the importance of land-based operational sources while reconciling elevated mean concentrations aloft with episodic surface exposure risk. This vertical contrast differs from container-dominated Northern Hemisphere ports101,102,108,109, where deeper, wind-driven mixing typically weakens PM2.5vertical gradients and particle composition is more strongly influenced by ship exhaust and urban background than by fugitive bulk-handling dust101,102. Meteorology plays a central amplifying role at Paranaguá. The coastal-mountain interface imposed by the Serra do Mar restricts lateral dispersion and favors shallow nocturnal mixing layers (<200 m; Fig.3B), reinforcing the strong vertical decoupling documented above. The pronounced offshore-onshore PSCF contrast for SO2(OCR = 1.70; Fig.5), together with recurrent sea-breeze recirculation (Figs.4and5), aligns with findings from other coastal ports where ship emissions can contribute up to ~50% of local SO2and NO2burdens110,111,112. Comparable sea-breeze–orographic coupling and convergence-driven vertical layering have been documented at Mediterranean and Adriatic port sites5,56. However, the steeper SO2gradients observed at Paranaguá exceed those typically reported for flatter, higher-wind environments, highlighting the combined influence of subtropical boundary-layer structure and topographic confinement. By comparison, the Shanghai metropolitan/port region, one of the world’s largest container-dominated ports, is situated on the low-lying Yangtze River Delta, an estuarine setting characterized by minimal topographic relief113. This geography generally favors efficient horizontal advection and, under many conditions, deeper vertical mixing than in topographically confined coastal basins, helping to decouple emission intensity from near-surface concentration build-up. Nevertheless, as well as at Paranaguá’s port, anchorage areas and navigation channels in Shanghai remain primary emission hotspots, with NOₓ and SO2dominated by container ships and oil tankers3,108. In contrast, the Strait of Gibraltar represents a transit-dominated maritime corridor rather than a port-centered system, where strong synoptic winds and open coastal exposure are associated with comparatively lower near-surface NOₓ and SO2concentrations despite very high vessel traffic, indicating that ventilation and transport pathways, rather than emission magnitude alone, govern observed concentration patterns112. Regional modeling studies consistently demonstrate that ship and port activities contribute substantially to PM2.5, NOₓ, and SOₓ burdens, with impacts extending tens to hundreds of kilometers inland106,114,115,116,117. At the multi-terminal Port of Veracruz (Mexico)—a high-traffic port with mixed cargo operations—downwind SO2enhancements have been observed several kilometers inland, illustrating the spatial reach of maritime emissions without requiring identical meteorological settings107. Comparisons with the industrial port of Castelló (Spain) during post-MARPOL years further show higher NO2but lower PM2.5at Paranaguá, despite both ports handling bulk solids and liquids102, highlighting pollutant-specific responses to operational mix and regulation. Evidence from the Port of Naples further highlights the importance of emission height: during pre-MARPOL conditions, modeled SO2concentrations were consistently much lower at ground level than aloft, with maximum concentrations occurring between ~20 m and 50–60 m depending on vessel type5, reinforcing the role of stack height and plume rise, rather than surface exposure alone, in shaping vertical concentration profiles. A defining feature of Paranaguá is its role as a Global South grain-export hub, where bulk commodities (soybeans, corn, fertilizers) dominate alongside container and liquid fuel operations. Recent logistics assessments confirm that Paranaguá is among Brazil’s leading soybean export gateways, with sustained high throughput and associated truck and rail activity118. This operational mix produces a dual pollution signature: persistent SO2enrichment at stack height (GAMMA, 40 m AGL; Table3), higher NO2concentrations at mid-height, and elevated mean PM2.5at 10–40 m AGL associated with a combination of ship emissions and regional background (OCR < 1), together with strongly operation-linked PM2.5and NO2episodes at ground level driven by land-based activities such as truck traffic, cargo handling, and resuspension (Figs.4–8) under mixing and recirculation regimes. The resulting NO2gradients—characterized by an indicative mid-height enhancement and episodic near-surface increases during operational peaks—closely resemble patterns observed in near-road and harbor-adjacent urban environments82,109, but differ in persistence and vertical extent due to subtropical meteorology and topographic confinement. Taken together, these comparisons indicate that Paranaguá represents a broader class of Global South coastal ports—including Brazilian harbors, West African grain and mineral terminals, and Southeast Asian bulk-commodity facilities—where bulk handling, subtropical meteorology, and topographic confinement interact to generate pollution dynamics that differ fundamentally from those reported for well-studied Northern Hemisphere ports. In summary, the case-crossover analysis demonstrates that both ship-based and land-based port activities substantially elevate the pollution risk through vertically differentiated mechanisms, particularly for SO2during maneuvering and hoteling at stack-relevant heights, and for NO2and PM2.5through coupled stack-level and ground-level processes. These findings reinforce the necessity of height-resolved monitoring and targeted emission controls to protect air quality in busy port regions. Our findings underscore the importance of height-resolved monitoring and meteorology-aware mitigation strategies in port environments. Regulatory measures such as MARPOL Annex VI fuel sulfur limits and the establishment of Emission Control Areas (ECAs) have led to substantial reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations, with reported decreases of approximately 40–97% across European and Asian ports103,111,119. At the Port of Paranaguá, implementation of low-sulfur marine fuels was associated with an estimated ~35% reduction in sulfur-related PM2.5components10. However, responses of total PM2.5and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations have been more variable and, in some cases, inconsistent across ports and operational contexts101,103,111,120. These mixed outcomes highlight that the effectiveness of fuel-based regulatory controls depends strongly on local dispersion conditions, boundary-layer structure, and port-specific operational practices, reinforcing the need to couple regulatory measures with meteorology-informed monitoring and management approaches. At Paranaguá, persistent stack-level SO2enrichment and strong pollution-episode responses at lower heights during maneuvering and hoteling indicate that further air-quality benefits could be achieved through rigorous fuel-compliance verification, targeted expansion of shore power (cold ironing), and operational planning that explicitly accounts for boundary-layer dynamics. Prioritizing shore power at berths associated with the highest episode odds would directly target the dominant elevated emission source identified in this study, while simultaneously reducing exposure during meteorological conditions conducive to vertical decoupling and pollution accumulation. Continuous, height-resolved monitoring can strengthen compliance evaluation and help identify conditions under which within-port pollution burdens are most elevated. Although quantifying impacts on surrounding neighborhoods will require additional off-port measurements and dispersion modeling, the present results already identify specific meteorological regimes and operational windows during which downwind exposures are likely to be highest. In a changing climate, lessons from advanced regulatory environments (e.g., Scandinavian and Baltic ports pursuing aggressive decarbonization and shore-power deployment121; and from international initiatives addressing black carbon and other short-lived climate pollutants in shipping122) provide useful guidance for designing climate–air-quality strategies tailored to Global South ports. Continuous multi-height observations in ports remain rare—particularly in South American harbors—and are often inferred from modeling or isolated elevated receptors5,7,117,123. The present results demonstrate that vertical concentration profiles are strongly modulated by operational activity and coastal boundary-layer dynamics and can diverge markedly from idealized plume behavior (e.g., higher daily NO2near the surface than at 40 m, and elevated mean PM2.5at 10–40 m but the strongest operation-linked PM2.5episodes at ground level). Such vertically resolved evidence is therefore critical for improving emission inventories, dispersion modeling, and monitoring network design beyond surface-only approaches. In practice, this supports complementing regulatory reference stations with networks of calibrated low-cost sensors deployed at multiple heights within terminals and at the port perimeter, augmented by targeted vertical profiling (e.g., lidar or UAV campaigns). These data streams can inform near-real-time decision tools for port authorities and environmental agencies. The combined height-resolved and meteorological framework presented here has direct operational relevance. The strong modulation of pollutant levels by boundary-layer structure and sea-breeze circulation (Figs.3–5) indicates that forecast meteorological conditions can be used to identify low-dispersion periods during which routine operations disproportionately elevate concentrations. The observed 16–74% increase in pollution-episode likelihood during specific operational phases (Fig.8) provides empirical support for prioritizing emission-intensive activities during periods of deeper mixing and stronger ventilation. Potential operational pathways include: (1) scheduling bulk handling and hoteling during forecast periods with higher mixing-layer depths and stronger winds; (2) implementing dynamic air-quality contingency plans that temporarily curtail non-essential cargo handling during stagnation events; and (3) integrating air-quality metrics into berth and yard-allocation algorithms, as increasingly explored in other large ports. In addition, these findings support boundary-layer-aware anchorage planning. Within navigational constraints, anchorage allocation and vessel dispatching could account for prevailing circulation patterns to reduce alignment of elevated plumes with downwind urban receptors. In parallel, land-based measures—such as progressive electrification of cargo-handling equipment, dust suppression and enclosure of bulk-transfer points, and accelerated renewal of heavy-duty truck fleets serving the port—are likely to yield disproportionate benefits at ground level, where PM2.5and NO2episode odds are highest. Coordinated implementation of these ship- and land-side interventions, informed by height-resolved monitoring, provides a practical pathway for reducing exposure for both port workers and neighboring communities in complex port regions. More broadly, the integration of height-resolved observations with meteorological diagnostics and case-crossover analysis provides a transferable framework for identifying periods of heightened exposure risk and informing adaptive port-management strategies. This study establishes a conceptual framework for port emission dynamics and highlights how emission altitude, meteorological conditions, and operational triggers interact to shape vertical pollution gradients. Accurate forecasting and regulatory planning should therefore integrate vertically resolved concentration profiles with real-time operational activity data. As a grain-export hub in the Global South, the Port of Paranaguá exhibits a pollution profile that differs from container-dominated ports such as Shanghai3,4,108,124or New York109, where gaseous emissions (NO2and SO2) often dominate and vertical gradients are weaker or primarily driven by ship exhaust and urban background. In Paranaguá, bulk grain handling (e.g., dust resuspension and organic residue decomposition) and associated truck and conveyor activity generate strong ground-level PM2.5and NO2episodes, while mean PM2.5remains elevated at 10–40 m due to vertical redistribution and regional background. At the same time, subtropical sea-breeze circulation combined with topographic confinement by the Serra do Mar enhances the persistence of ship-derived gaseous pollutants aloft under shallow mixing layers. This coupling produces more vertically differentiated and temporally persistent concentration regimes than those typically reported for flatter, temperate ports. The combined analysis of vertical gradients and coastal boundary-layer regimes further indicates that specific meteorological conditions—such as shallow nocturnal mixing layers combined with onshore flow or sea-breeze recirculation—are particularly conducive to elevated stack-level SO2and increased probability of downward fumigation toward near-surface environments. In principle, such regimes could serve as early-warning indicators for dynamic operational adjustments, including temporary moderation of bulk handling intensity, optimization of hoteling practices, or prioritization of lower-emission vessels during forecasted low-dispersion periods. While the development of detailed operational protocols lies beyond the scope of this study, the framework presented here provides process-level evidence necessary to support meteorology-informed emission management strategies. For effective management, advanced vertical profiling tools (e.g., lidar, UAV platforms, gradient towers), integration with meteorology-chemistry models, and targeted electrification of port equipment represent complementary strategies to reduce emissions and improve operational efficiency. The feasibility of these approaches, however, depends on local infrastructure, regulatory capacity, and the economic context, particularly in Global South ports, and requires future techno-economic assessment. Elevated concentrations of NO2and PM2.5, especially under stable meteorological conditions, pose clear risks for port workers and nearby communities. The combination of high mean SO2at stack height and frequent PM2.5and NO2episodes at ground level suggests that exposure at operational heights may exceed what is inferred from conventional surface monitoring alone. Addressing these challenges requires integrating air quality indicators with occupational safety standards and environmental justice considerations—particularly in the Global South, where vulnerabilities are often amplified by limited healthcare access and demographic disparities. Source attribution is constrained by the absence of high-resolution activity data for land-based logistics, including hourly truck counts and roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) vehicle throughput. Although the height-resolved network captured the integrated influence of these sources—manifested as NO2and PM2.5enrichment at ground-level and 10 m AGL—the lack of explicit inventories precludes quantitative separation of truck traffic, port machinery, and Ro-Ro operations. While Ro-Ro vessel activity was documented (n= 21; TableSA-1), sample size was insufficient for robust case-crossover or factorial analyses (TableSA-2), which typically require ≥50 events. Future work should integrate electronic gate logs, camera-based traffic counts, or Automatic Identification System (AIS)-linked logistics data to refine terrestrial-maritime apportionment. The campaign covered a 3-month austral spring transition, characterized by variable meteorology and moderate (post-peak) grain-export activity118,125. As a result, the observed vertical gradients and episode frequencies cannot be generalized to other seasons. Winter inversions would be expected to enhance near-surface PM2.5trapping while preserving elevated SO2under suppressed mixing, whereas summer convection and rainfall would reduce vertical contrasts through enhanced dilution and scavenging, potentially increasing the relative importance of secondary aerosol formation (although this was not directly quantified in the present study). Peak grain-export periods (March–August)118,125may further amplify ground-level PM2.5and vehicle-related NO2relative to the conditions observed here. The results should therefore be interpreted as season-specific process evidence that motivates year-round, height-resolved monitoring, rather than as a comprehensive seasonal exposure assessment. Low-cost sensors (LCS) are subject to humidity, composition, and drift-related effects and are not intended for regulatory compliance. Additionally, in coastal environments, these effects may include non-linear baseline variability associated with moisture and saline aerosol exposure. Although bounded analytically through diagnostic screening and relative-contrast study design, they cannot be fully excluded and should be considered when interpreting more modest vertical differences. Accordingly, analyses were restricted to relative spatial and vertical contrasts rather than absolute concentrations. Pre-deployment co-calibration, in-campaign consistency checks, and coherence with meteorological and operational drivers followed established practices for coastal and port applications. Given that analyses rely on within-site relative contrasts rather than absolute concentration values, residual sensor drift is unlikely to affect the directionality or interpretation of the observed vertical patterns. Future long-term deployments would benefit from periodic or end-of-campaign intercomparisons to further assess sensor stability. To enhance analytical robustness in high-humidity coastal environments, future deployments should incorporate continuous on-site co-location with reference-grade instrumentation, enabling real-time correction of baseline drift and cross-sensitivity effects associated with persistent moisture and saline aerosol exposure in coastal boundary layers. The spatial distribution of sensors across different operational zones introduces partial confounding between measurement height and source proximity. In particular, the near-surface site is located farther downwind of the berths than the elevated sensors, such that horizontal dilution likely contributes to lower gaseous concentrations at ground level. However, dilution alone cannot explain the combined set of observations: while SO2decreases from 40 m to 1.5 m AGL, on average, NO2shows an indicative mid-height enhancement, and PM2.5shows modestly elevated mean concentrations at 10–40 m AGL but the strongest operation-linked episode probabilities at the surface (Fig.8). This internal coherence indicates that the observed vertical decoupling primarily reflects source-height stratification—ship emissions aloft versus cargo handling, traffic, and resuspension at ground level—modulated by boundary-layer structure rather than horizontal transport alone. This study, therefore, characterizes vertically differentiated ambient concentration patterns within a heterogeneous port environment rather than isolating an idealized vertical column from a co-located tower. Future studies employing vertically co-located monitoring towers and high-resolution dispersion modeling [e.g., Lagrangian or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches] with detailed emission inventories are needed to quantitatively disentangle vertical mixing from horizontal advection. The quantitative features explored in this study identify plausible physical pathways by which port emissions could intermittently influence adjacent urban areas. However, actual concentrations, population exposure, and health impacts in surrounding neighborhoods are not quantified here and remain objectives for future work requiring additional off-port monitoring and dispersion or exposure modeling. The scarcity of epidemiological evidence from South America and other developing regions remains a major barrier to robust health-impact assessment of port-related air pollution. Future research should therefore prioritize exposure modeling and targeted epidemiological studies to quantify disease burden and inform equitable, region-specific policy interventions. Finally, the analysis focused on regulated pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM2.5) and did not include emerging species such as equivalent black carbon or ultrafine particles, which are increasingly relevant for shipping-related health and climate impacts121,122. This choice reflects instrumentation constraints and the priority of establishing robust baseline datasets in South American ports, where long-term monitoring remains limited. Incorporating these metrics in future studies would provide valuable complementary insight into stratified port emissions and exposure. This study shows that air pollution in coastal ports is vertically structured, operationally driven, and systematically mischaracterized by surface-only monitoring. At the Port of Paranaguá, ship hoteling and maneuvering sustained persistent SO2enrichment at stack-relevant height, whereas NO2showed an indicative mid-level enhancement consistent with mixed near-surface logistics and atmospheric mixing. PM2.5showed modest mean enhancement aloft, but the strongest operation-linked PM2.5episodes occurred near the surface. These vertically differentiated regimes arise from the interaction between emission height, coastal boundary-layer dynamics, and port operations, producing concentration contrasts of up to an order of magnitude across only tens of meters. By combining height-resolved observations with meteorological diagnostics and case-crossover analysis, we identify the conditions under which port activities most strongly elevate pollution, with episode likelihood increasing by 16–74% during specific operational phases. Shallow mixing layers, sea-breeze recirculation, and orographic confinement amplify these effects, creating operationally relevant exposure pathways that are largely undetected by conventional monitoring approaches. Paranaguá represents a broader class of Global South ports where bulk-dominated operations and subtropical coastal meteorology promote stronger and more persistent vertical differentiation than typically reported in temperate, container-dominated hubs. In this context, therefore, the main contribution of this work lies not in absolute concentration values, which inherently carry uncertainty, but in demonstrating how vertical differentiation operates in such environments and how it can be robustly detected using limited monitoring resources. By validating a scalable, height-resolved framework suitable for data-scarce regions, this study highlights the risks associated with relying on surface-only monitoring to assess the air pollution impacts of port activities within and near port areas, while providing actionable diagnostic insight for identifying when and where port-related air pollution is likely to be highest, even where monitoring and regulatory capacity are constrained. As global maritime trade expands, adopting vertically resolved, meteorology-aware monitoring strategies such as the framework demonstrated here will be essential to improve exposure assessment, guide targeted mitigation, and support equitable and sustainable port management in coastal cities worldwide13. Datasets related to this article can be found athttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17792233, hosted at the Zenodo repository. The R scripts used in this study are available in the Zenodo repository:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20031512. 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Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Jéssica Caroline dos Santos-Silva, Rafaela Radaelli Righi, Felipe Baglioli, Ramon Amin, Ana Flavia Locateli Godoi & Ricardo Henrique Moreton Godoi Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Carlos Itsuo Yamamoto Cell Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Rodrigo Arantes Reis Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil Theotonio Pauliquevis Mathematics Department, Federal University of Technology–Paraná, Ponta Grossa, Brazil Yara de Souza Tadano Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Search author on:PubMedGoogle Scholar Jéssica Caroline dos Santos Silva contributed to conceptualization, data analysis, and writing of the manuscript. Rafaela Radaelli Righi contributed to data collection and writing of the manuscript. Felipe Baglioli contributed to data collection. Ramon Amin contributed to data collection. Carlos Itsuo Yamamoto provided laboratory infrastructure and technical support. Rodrigo Arantes Reis contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Theotonio Pauliquevis contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Ana Flavia Locateli Godoi contributed to data analysis. Yara de Souza Tadano contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Ricardo Henrique Moreton Godoi contributed to conceptualization, coordination, data analysis, and writing of the manuscript. Correspondence toRicardo Henrique Moreton Godoi. The authors declare no competing interests. This study did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or personal data. No ethics committee approval was required. Communications Sustainabilitythanks Xuejun Feng and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Primary handling editors: Quanliang Ye and Nandita Basu. A peer review file is available. Publisher’s noteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 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Bocconiano con l’anima green: "Il porto è un luogo amico. Crea valore aggiunto per tutti" - La Nazione
📰 La Nazione 📅 2026-05-31 📍 La Spezia it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Bocconiano con l’anima green: "Il porto è un luogo amico. Crea valore aggiunto per tutti" La Nazione
La funzione aziendale dedicata alle tematiche Esg in Contship nasce due anni fa per strutturare tutte le iniziative messe in campo dal Gruppo in questo ambito. Oggi il Team Esg è guidato dalla responsabile Denise Sofia. Elia Faggiani, 29 anni, fa parte del team e ricopre la figura di Esg specialist. Nel suo ruolo, supporta tutte le iniziative in ambito non solo ambientale, ma anche sociale e di governance. Piemontese, ma abita a Milano, Faggiani ha una laurea triennale in Economia e Management per l’arte, la cultura e la comunicazione all’Università Bocconi, dove si è anche specializzato in Economia e Management per l’innovazione e la tecnologia, che gli ha permesso di approfondire il ramo della green economy. Per lui, il porto è un "luogo amico" capace di creare valore aggiunto nella vita delle persone. Specialmente in realtà come quella spezzina dove le attività portuali sono inglobate nella città e, dunque, investire nel processo di decarbonizzazione e in forme più sostenibili di trasporto è diventata una necessità per migliorare le condizioni di vita dei cittadini e nel rispetto dell’ambiente circostante. "Il settore della logistica portuale sta dedicando sempre più attenzione e risorse ai temi della sostenibilità – spiega Faggiani –. Perciò lavorare in questo settore è un’opportunità estremamente interessante per i giovan, ma anche sfidante poiché ha un impatto globale e che muove il mondo". In questo senso, il processo di cold ironing al porto della Spezia "avrà un doppio impatto positivo: abbatterà sia il rumore che le emissioni inquinanti. Inoltre, nel più breve tempo possibile vorremmo aumentare i mezzi alimentati con biocarburanti e successivamente procedere con la sostituzione di tutti i vecchi mezzi". Un altro aspetto del suo lavoro è legato al community e people engagement. "Come funzione/team Esg, non cerchiamo solo soluzioni volte a ridurre l’impatto ambientale delle attività del terminal, ma promuoviamo anche interventi tesi a migliorare il nostro impatto sulle persone che lavorano in Contship. Collaboriamo a stretto contatto con i colleghi del dipartimento risorse umane con l’obiettivo di sviluppare politiche e iniziative orientate all’inclusione. In particolare, ci impegniamo a favorire la parità di genere e l’inclusione di persone con disabilità. "L’azienda ha costituito comitati dedicati che si occupano di promuovere un linguaggio inclusivo sul posto di lavoro oppure singole iniziative volte a migliorare il benessere delle nostre persone". Infine, c’è l’aspetto di community engagement nelle aree in cui opera Contship. "Siamo impegnati a costruire nuove collaborazioni sinergiche con le associazioni e le Ong locali per creare un impatto positivo nel territorio in cui operiamo e non solo. Alla Spezia, molti dipendenti sono già attivi mettendo a servizio il proprio tempo per svolgere attività di volontariato con Caritas e Angsa. Stiamo lavorando per consolidare e strutturare ulteriormente queste iniziative, affiché possano crescere nel tempo e tradursi in un contributo tangibile per la comunità".
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Amm. Marchese: “Con la Porti d’Italia Spa una rete nazionale integrata” - Shipping Italy
📰 Shipping Italy Media 📅 2026-05-30 📍 Rotterdam it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Amm. Marchese: “Con la Porti d’Italia Spa una rete nazionale integrata” Shipping Italy
Contributo Avv. Ammiraglio Rosario Marchese * * Consigliere del Ministro delle Politiche del Mare La riforma della portualità italiana, imperniata sulla nascita di Porti d’Italia S.p.A., rappresenta uno dei più importanti tentativi di modernizzazione del sistema logistico nazionale degli ultimi decenni. Tale struttura si inserisce in un contesto internazionale profondamente mutato, nel quale i porti non sono più semplici infrastrutture di approdo e movimentazione merci, ma piattaforme strategiche integrate, capaci di incidere sulla competitività industriale, energetica e tecnologica di un Paese. Il sistema portuale italiano, pur essendo tra i più rilevanti d’Europa per traffico marittimo e posizione geografica, continua infatti a soffrire di frammentazione amministrativa, disomogeneità infrastrutturale e lentezza decisionale. La proposta di istituire una governance unitaria attraverso Porti d’Italia S.p.A. nasce proprio dall’esigenza di superare questi limiti storici, introducendo una regia nazionale capace di coordinare investimenti, innovazione tecnologica e pianificazione strategica. L’elemento più innovativo della riforma consiste nella trasformazione del sistema portuale da insieme di realtà autonome e spesso concorrenti tra loro a vera e propria “rete nazionale integrata”. In tale prospettiva, il porto non viene più considerato come un’infrastruttura locale, ma come nodo di una filiera logistica europea e mediterranea. Questo approccio consentirebbe all’Italia di presentarsi con una sola voce nei tavoli internazionali, rafforzando il proprio ruolo geopolitico nel Mediterraneo e lungo le direttrici commerciali euro-asiatiche. La riforma, inoltre, si collega direttamente alla visione del cosiddetto “Porto 6.0”, modello strategico sviluppato in Italia da SRM (Studi e Ricerche per il Mezzogiorno) che definisce gli scali marittimi moderni non più come semplici punti di sbarco, ma come veri e propri hub tecnologici, energetici ed ecologici. Tale modello considera il porto come un ecosistema tecnologico avanzato, nel quale convergono digitalizzazione, intelligenza artificiale, sostenibilità ambientale e innovazione industriale. Le quattro direttrici strategiche individuate risultano particolarmente coerenti con la nuova governance proposta, già attuata nel porto di Taranto, considerato un porto 6.0: Digitalizzazione dei processi: l’adozione generalizzata dei Port Community System (PCS), dei digital twin e di piattaforme interoperabili consentirebbe una drastica riduzione dei tempi burocratici e logistici, aumentando l’efficienza operativa dei porti italiani. Automazione e robotica: la gestione centralizzata potrebbe favorire standard comuni nell’impiego di sistemi automatizzati, robotica subacquea, manutenzione predittiva e tecnologie smart per la sicurezza e l’efficienza delle infrastrutture. Intelligenza artificiale: l’utilizzo dell’AI e della computer vision permetterebbe di migliorare il monitoraggio del traffico, la sicurezza portuale, la manutenzione e il controllo ambientale, seguendo modelli già adottati a Rotterdam e Anversa. Sostenibilità ambientale: Porti d’Italia S.p.A. potrebbe diventare il soggetto attuatore di una grande strategia nazionale “green”, coordinando cold ironing, energie rinnovabili, monitoraggio ambientale smart e carburanti alternativi in linea con il Green Deal europeo e con il regolamento FuelEU Maritime. Sotto il profilo economico, la riforma potrebbe produrre effetti significativi: maggiore certezza regolatoria, riduzione della frammentazione contrattuale, capacità di attrarre capitali privati e sviluppo di partenariati pubblico-privati più solidi. Inoltre, una governance unitaria permetterebbe di programmare gli investimenti infrastrutturali con logiche industriali di lungo periodo, superando la dispersione delle risorse e le duplicazioni progettuali. Particolarmente interessante è il richiamo ai modelli internazionali di riferimento: da un lato il sistema spagnolo di Puertos del Estado, caratterizzato da forte coordinamento statale; dall’altro il modello manageriale-industriale del Porto di Rotterdam. La proposta italiana sembra voler coniugare entrambe le esperienze, creando una struttura pubblica ma orientata a criteri industriali, competitivi e finanziariamente sostenibili. Tuttavia, la vera sfida della riforma non sarà soltanto organizzativa, ma culturale e strategica. Perché Porti d’Italia S.p.A. possa realmente rappresentare un salto di qualità, sarà necessario evitare il rischio di una mera centralizzazione burocratica. La governance unitaria dovrà invece essere accompagnata da autonomia gestionale, meritocrazia manageriale e forte integrazione con i territori. In questa prospettiva, una proposta innovativa potrebbe essere la creazione di una “Agenzia Nazionale per l’Innovazione Portuale e la Blue Economy”, collegata a Porti d’Italia S.p.A., con tre missioni principali: Coordinare ricerca e sviluppo su intelligenza artificiale, cybersecurity, automazione, digitalizzazione e smart logistics, creando standard tecnologici comuni per tutti i porti italiani. Sviluppare incubatori tecnologici nei retroporti trasformando le aree portuali in poli di innovazione dedicati a blue economy, energie rinnovabili, robotica marina e logistica avanzata. Attrarre investimenti internazionali nella transizione energetica marittima, nei carburanti green, nell’idrogeno, nella digitalizzazione e nelle infrastrutture strategiche del Mediterraneo. Questa struttura potrebbe trasformare i porti italiani in veri hub di innovazione mediterranea, integrando università, centri di ricerca, startup e imprese logistiche. La finalità strategica sarebbe quella di creare un vero “Sistema Italia del Mare”, capace di competere con i grandi modelli internazionali come Rotterdam, Singapore e Pireo, rafforzando il ruolo geopolitico ed economico dell’Italia nel Mediterraneo A questa proposta la creazione di una “Carta Nazionale dei Green Ports”, con obiettivi ambientali misurabili e premialità economiche per gli scali più virtuosi in termini di decarbonizzazione, efficienza energetica e riduzione delle emissioni, sarebbe di grande impatto, Ogni porto verrebbe valutato attraverso indicatori precisi, come: riduzione delle emissioni di CO₂; utilizzo di energie rinnovabili; elettrificazione delle banchine (cold ironing); efficienza energetica; qualità dell’aria e delle acque; utilizzo di carburanti green; digitalizzazione dei controlli ambientali. I porti più virtuosi riceverebbero: incentivi economici; priorità nei finanziamenti pubblici ed europei; agevolazioni fiscali; maggiore attrattività per investitori e compagnie marittime. L’obiettivo è creare una competizione positiva tra gli scali italiani, accelerando la transizione ecologica del sistema portuale nazionale e rendendo l’Italia un modello mediterraneo di portualità sostenibile. In conclusione, la riforma di Porti d’Italia S.p.A. non rappresenta soltanto una revisione amministrativa del sistema portuale, ma può diventare il motore di una nuova politica industriale marittima nazionale. Se accompagnata da innovazione tecnologica, sostenibilità ambientale e visione strategica, essa potrà trasformare i porti italiani da semplici punti di transito a protagonisti della competitività europea e mediterranea del XXI secolo. ISCRIVITI ALLA NEWSLETTER QUOTIDIANA GRATUITA DI SHIPPING ITALY SHIPPING ITALY E’ ANCHE SU WHATSAPP: BASTA CLICCARE QUI PER ISCRIVERSI AL CANALE ED ESSERE SEMPRE AGGIORNATI
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Cruise Terminal, Salvini in Porto Torres: "Funds to complete the project are on the way." - L'Unione Sarda.it
📰 L'Unione Sarda.it 📅 2026-05-30 📍 Porto Torres en Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Cruise Terminal, Salvini in Porto Torres: "Funds to complete the project are on the way." L'Unione Sarda.it
The unfinished Cruise Terminal will be restored and completed; the project, which has been stalled for over twenty years, will find a new purpose.New spaces are needed to accommodate cruise ship passengers, because if 3,000 people arrive at the port every day, the city must be ready: welcoming, modern, and hospitable. We can say that starting next year, the change these investments will bring will be tangible. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, Matteo Salvini, visiting the Porto Torres Port Authority headquarters yesterday, assured that the Porto Torres maritime port, including the former Lunardi facility, will be the focus of a broad investment program that is redesigning its functions, operational capacity, and strategic role in the Mediterranean.A technical meeting was held between the Meloni government official and the Port Authority President, Domenico Bagalà, to review the progress of ongoing work, projects, and the Authority's future vision for the Northwest Gateway. Representatives of the local League party were also present, from Councilor Ivan Cermelli to regional and local party secretaries Michele Ennas and Simone Giupponi, and former Regional Council President Michele Pais. As illustrated during the discussion, in recent years, the port of Torre del Greco has embarked on a concrete modernization process, already evident in the results achieved.Over €13 million in investments have been completed, significantly improving passenger service, the quality of the facilities, and the overall efficiency of port operations. New passenger facilities, such as the waiting rooms on the western pier and in the industrial port, along with the redevelopment of the former fish market into a service center, improved lighting, and digital information systems, have resulted in a more modern, functional, and competitive port.These achievements are complemented by an intense ongoing construction season, worth approximately €74 million, which confirms the port's central role in the Port System Authority's infrastructure policies.Among the major projects are the extension of the western breakwater and the resection of the deep-water quay, which are crucial for improving accessibility and safety during maneuvers in the basin. In keeping with the energy transition, the implementation of cold ironing to power ships docked at the dock and the innovative "Centipede" project are also being added. Focus on the industrial areas facing the port. "There is a project worth over €90 million to reclaim former industrial areas and transform them into new wealth for high-quality tourism and hospitality," the minister emphasized. "Starting next year, the world's leading cruise lines will stop in Porto Torres, with at least three thousand tourists arriving daily for the city."Finally, a stop on the island of Asinara will also be held, "where, in agreement with the president of the park, Gialuca Mureddu, we will bring desalination plants to solve the island's water problem, in addition to projects and resources. Asinara is an extraordinary island that must maintain a balance because its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is protected and not invaded. However, providing a few more services, in terms of hospitality and catering, is necessary, and a good portion of the five billion euros invested in Sardinia will be allocated to guaranteeing a water supply." "I thank Minister Matteo Salvini for this fruitful meeting, which, for this Port System Authority, represents a significant opportunity to enhance a growth path already underway, based on concrete investments, innovation, and strategic vision," explains Domenico Bagalà, president of the Port System Authority of the Sardinian Sea. "Porto Torres today presents itself as a port undergoing a transformation, ready to strengthen its role in the national and Mediterranean system, contributing to the economic and employment development of the region through logistics, energy, high-quality cruises, yachting, and recreational shipbuilding."
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​Il cronoprogramma ottimale verso il full electric sui traghetti - quinewselba.it
📰 quinewselba.it 📅 2026-05-30 📍 Piombino it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing Salute · ambiente
​Il cronoprogramma ottimale verso il full electric sui traghetti quinewselba.it
​Il cronoprogramma ottimale verso il full electric sui traghetti di - Sabato 30 Maggio 2026 ore 08:00 Foto di: https://greenmove.hwupgrade.it/ Ecco il cronoprogramma, tra il 2026 e il 1035, che per me è ottimale nello scandire il cambiamento verso il full electric nella tratta Piombino-Portoferraio. È diverso da quello che proporrà T&E durante il convegno del 15 giugno a Portoferraio, alla Gattaia? In una prima fase, da ora fino a 1-2 anni, mentre la Regione dà corpo al nuovo Bando - che dia senso all’elettrificazione delle banchine (cold ironing) e ai sistemi di accumulo a terra (BESS - Battery Energy Storage System) che potrebbero funzionare entro la fine del prossimo giugno - si dovrebbe installare a bordo dei traghetti il sistema di ricezione del sistema cold ironing-BESS (il cavo e il trasformatore di bordo) e si dovrebbero montare i filtri a secco (SCR + ASC + DFP) nei fumaioli del traghetto; l’obiettivo tecnologico è lo Zero Emissioni in Sosta, in modo che sia perfezionato l’uso delle banchine elettrificate. Ne conseguirebbe l’abbattimento totale dei fumi e del rumore di giorno e di notte. L’abbattimento drastico degli inquinanti locali avviene in una sequenza di filtri a secco, in cui ogni componente è specializzato nel neutralizzare un preciso agente inquinante: 1. MGO (Marine Gas Oil), il cui uso è diventato da un anno obbligo di legge, ha un contenuto di zolfo bassissimo e questo riduce drasticamente le emissioni di ossidi di zolfo (SOx) e di CO₂ fin dal principio. Quali sono i danni evitati dall’uso del MGO? L’esposizione a breve termine all’SO2 provoca effetti reversibili una volta cessata l’inalazione, tra cui: a) irritazione: bruciore a occhi, naso e gola; b) difficoltà respiratorie: tosse, respiro affannoso e senso di costrizione toracica; c) broncocostrizione: spasmi bronchiali, particolarmente intensi nei soggetti sensibili. Gli effetti cronici favoriscono a) asma; b) patologie respiratorie croniche come bronchiti, tracheiti e polmoniti. Ci sono anche danni indiretti: reagendo nell’atmosfera, SO2 contribuisce alla formazione di solfati e particolato fine (PM2.5), che penetrano profondamente nei polmoni e nel flusso sanguigno, aumentando i rischi di malattie cardiovascolari. 2. SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction): grazie all’iniezione di urea, questo catalizzatore trasforma fino al 90-95% degli ossidi di azoto (NOx) in innocuo azoto molecolare (N2) e vapore acqueo. Quali sono i danni evitati dall’uso del SCR? Gli effetti sull'organismo dell’NO2 comprendono: a) infiammazione delle vie respiratorie; b) peggioramento delle condizioni di chi soffre di asma o di malattie respiratorie croniche; c) aumento delle infezioni: bronchiti e broncopolmoniti; d) aumento del rischio di malattie cardiovascolari, infarti, ictus e riduzione dell’aspettativa di vita. 3. ASC (Ammonia Slip Catalyst): elimina i residui di ammoniaca che potrebbero sfuggire al processo SCR, evitando che vengano rilasciati in atmosfera. Quali sono i danni evitati dall’uso di ASC? Gli impatti principali dell’ammoniaca includono: a) bruciore, lacrimazione, tosse e irritazione alle vie respiratorie; b) danni polmonari: edema polmonare e insufficienza respiratoria; danni da contatto sulla pelle: ustioni, irritazioni e altri danni più gravi. L'ammoniaca dall’aria ricade nelle acque marine tramite le precipitazioni e provoca eutrofizzazione e acidificazione, alterando gravemente gli ecosistemi marini. 4. DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter): Cattura e brucia il particolato carbonioso (PM10 e PM2.5), riducendo il fumo visibile e la fuliggine fine di oltre il 95%. La differenza principale tra il particolato (PM) più grande (PM 10, PM 2.5) e quello ultrafine (PM 1.0, PM 0.1) risiede nella capacità di penetrazione nel corpo umano: più le particelle sono piccole, più penetrano in profondità, passando dai polmoni al sangue e arrivando fino agli organi interni e al cervello. Quali sono i danni evitati dall’uso del DFP? a. PM 10 e PM 2.5 (Particolato Grossolano e Fine) si fermano generalmente nell’apparato respiratorio superiore e nei polmoni, causando danni locali e infiammazioni. Gli effetti sulla salute sono l’aggravamento di asma e bronchiti croniche, la riduzione della funzionalità polmonare, tosse e irritazione alle vie aeree (il PM 2.5 può spingersi più a fondo, depositandosi negli alveoli polmonari). Le conseguenze si riflettono sulle vie respiratorie, sui polmoni e sul sistema cardiovascolare. b. PM 1.0 e PM 0.1 (Particolato Sottile e Ultrafine) rappresentano la minaccia maggiore per la salute perché penetrano negli alveoli polmonari e passano direttamente nel flusso sanguigno, diffondendosi in tutto l’organismo in pochi minuti e trasportando sostanze cancerogene (IPA e metalli pesanti). Possono innescare infiammazioni sistemiche croniche, alterare il sistema nervoso e L’atto della prima fase che apre alle fasi successive è che l’armatore ordini fin da subito un traghetto con predisposizione plug-in hybrid per poi convertirlo in full electric in un secondo momento; questa strategia, che è definita battery-ready o conversion-ready, richiede che lo scafo debba essere progettato sin dal primo giorno con una propulsione diesel-elettrica o ibrida parallela, e soprattutto con ampi spazi vuoti dedicati alle batterie, sistemi di ventilazione/antincendio dedicati e un impianto di gestione della potenza facilmente scalabile. Il mercato della cantieristica navale per traghetti green offre molte soluzioni: a) il Nord Europa (Norvegia, Danimarca, Paesi Bassi) è l'avanguardia assoluta del settore (l’olandese Damen Shipyards Group, i norvegesi come Havyard, Fjellstrand, Vard); b) ci sono anche i cantieri italiani (Fincantieri, tramite la sua controllata Vard o direttamente nei cantieri italiani specializzati in navi passeggeri di medie dimensioni come l'arsenale di Palermo o di Castellammare di Stabia; Cantiere Navale Rosetti Marino (Ravenna), Sefine/TKT, Cantiere Navale Vittoria); c) i cantieri turchi forniscono plug-in e full electric per il Nord-Europa a costi competitivi (Tersan Shipyard e Cemre Shipyard); d) i cantieri del resto del mondo, per diversi motivi, non sono economicamente vantaggiosi. Per amor di patria sarebbero da preferire i cantieri italiani e questa preferenza non è priva di significato politico: indicherebbe il ritorno verso l’economia di pace piuttosto che l’indirizzo verso l’economia di guerra che in questo momento sta avendo il sopravvento! Un altro aspetto possibile per trasformare lo scalo in un vero e proprio Green Port è l’integrazione del cold ironing-BESS con l’energia pulita prodotta direttamente sull’Isola d'Elba. Questa svolta può essere realizzata con a) lo sfruttamento a fotovoltaico dell’area del porto, b) l’immagazzinamento nel BESS dell’energia prodotta in eccesso, c) una CERP (Comunità Energetica Rinnovabile Portuale) di tutti gli edifici pubblici che insistono sul porto con la possibilità di collegamento anche dei cittadini, d) il micro-eolico ad asse verticale e l’energia del moto ondoso. Nei mesi invernali, quando il traffico dei traghetti si riduce drasticamente, il sistema si inverte con l’immensa riserva del BESS e l’energia prodotta dai pannelli portuali che possono essere iniettate nella rete civile dell'isola, aiutando a coprire, a costo zero, i consumi di pubbliche istituzioni e case della comunità locale. In Italia, la creazione di una CER in ambito portuale beneficia di un quadro normativo speciale introdotto proprio per trasformare i porti da nodi energivori a hub di energia pulita: l’ecosistema portuale gode di regole più flessibili rispetto alle normali CER civili, aprendo la strada a modelli di business industriali ad alto impatto. In una seconda fase, tra i 3 e i 6 anni, i traghetti ibridi plug-in di ultima generazione vengono progettati nei cantieri navali con l’obiettivo con un pacco batterie a bordo da 3-4 MWh (Battery Ready o future-proof) e grazie al BESS di terra, la nave eseguirà la ricarica rapida (flash charging) durante i 30 minuti di sbarco/imbarco delle auto a Portoferraio; l’impatto ambientale nei porti è -100% fumi in porto e nelle manovre, -40% di CO2 totale nella tratta. L’investimento per l’armatore è ammortizzato grazie a un taglio dei costi operativi e grazie al risparmio di oltre il 35% di carburante perché le fasi di accensione, manovra e banchina sono totalmente elettriche e a costo zero. Il progresso della ricerca tecnica verso batterie sempre più performanti e a minor costo anche ambientale, che sta producendo, ad esempio, le batterie all’alluminio invece che al litio, è un segno dell’accelerazione che favorisce il risparmio in ogni senso. La disponibilità del nuovo traghetto richiede il collaudo, oltre che della resistenza dei cavi sui traghetti reali, soprattutto del software di comunicazione tra due infrastrutture energetiche enormi (cold ironing-BESS e sistema del traghetto): la sintonizzazione significa che devono scambiarsi Megawatt di potenza in pochissimi minuti, in modo che l’energia viaggi in modo stabile dalla rete di terra fino al pannello di controllo del traghetto, passando per convertitori e trasformatori. Durante i test si simula l’interruzione brutale del flusso di corrente ad altissimo amperaggio, verificando che gli archi elettrici vengano spenti all’istante nei circuiti di sicurezza senza danneggiare le batterie del traghetto o l'impianto del porto. Solo dopo decine di cicli di connessione, carica e disconnessione riusciti a vuoto (e poi con la nave a pieno carico) l’autorità portuale e il registro navale rilasceranno le certificazioni per l’avvio del servizio commerciale a emissioni zero. In una terza fase, tra i 7 e i 10 anni, il porto, già strutturato da anni con cold ironing e BESS, dovrà solo aggiornare i software di gestione per alimentare traghetti 100% elettrici, che avranno costi di costruzione ormai allineati alle navi tradizionali, ma costi di manutenzione ridotti del 70%; l’impatto ambientale nei porti è zero emissioni totali (aria e acqua) su tutta la linea. I motori diesel tradizionali e i loro alternatori vengono sbarcati dal traghetto; spesso si sceglie di lasciarne solo uno molto piccolo, isolato, che funge da generatore di emergenza (range extender) o di sicurezza per le condizioni meteo estreme. Nello spazio liberato dai motori diesel (che è enorme e già ventilato e strutturato per la sicurezza antincendio) il pacco-batterie verrebbe semplicemente potenziato, passando dai 3-4 MWh iniziali ai 12-15 MWh necessari per coprire l’intera traversata di un’ora a zero emissioni. Il Power Management System (il cervello elettronico della nave che decide come distribuire l’energia) viene aggiornato tramite software. Da quel momento, gestirà i flussi energetici attingendo solo ed esclusivamente dalle batterie e dialogando con il sistema di ricarica ultrarapida del porto. Perché questa è la strategia perfetta per l’Elba? Comprare oggi un traghetto ibrido plug-in Battery Ready per l’Arcipelago Toscano è la scelta finanziaria e ambientale più intelligente per due motivi: a) protegge l’investimento: un armatore può acquistare la nave oggi senza la paura che diventi obsoleta in dieci anni a causa delle normative sulle emissioni; compra una nave che è già pronta per il futuro; b) diluisce i costi nel tempo: permette di iniziare a navigare subito riducendo drasticamente i fumi (grazie ai filtri a secco e all’uso delle batterie in porto con il cold ironing e il BESS); tra 7 o 8 anni, quando le batterie attuali saranno a fine vita e andranno comunque sostituite, l’armatore potrà spendere una frazione del costo iniziale per installare batterie di nuova generazione, più potenti e leggere, trasformando la nave in un mezzo 100% elettrico senza dover ricomprare lo scafo.
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Trieste porta a Roma il piano energia per porto, Porto Vivo e ricariche - Sbircia la Notizia Magazine
📰 Sbircia la Notizia Magazine 📅 2026-05-29 📍 Trieste it Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Trieste porta a Roma il piano energia per porto, Porto Vivo e ricariche Sbircia la Notizia Magazine
Il nostro approfondimento Trieste ha scelto Roma per mostrare il lato meno visibile della propria trasformazione: reti, potenza disponibile, continuità di approvvigionamento e capacità di governare i picchi. La rigenerazione urbana funziona solo quando domanda termica e domanda elettrica vengono progettate prima dell'arrivo degli utenti. Lettura editoriale: questo approfondimento ricostruisce il contenuto del confronto romano e lo collega ai dossier portuali già aperti, distinguendo le opere fisiche dai meccanismi energetici che le rendono utilizzabili. Sommario dei contenuti Il perimetro del dossier: porto e rete elettrica urbana Il Comune di Trieste ha portato al forum romano un messaggio operativo: la questione energetica entra nel progetto urbano come infrastruttura primaria. Nel porto commerciale le navi ormeggiate richiedono alimentazione da terra. In Porto Vivo il nuovo quartiere dovrà ricevere calore e raffrescamento con una logica centralizzata. La mobilità elettrica aggiunge un ulteriore vincolo: le ricariche vanno collocate in nodi capaci di reggere la domanda e mantenere i carichi sotto controllo. Il riscontro ANSA fissa anche la composizione del confronto, con manager dei Comuni di Livorno e Brescia e responsabili di Edison Next, Sea Aeroporti Milano e Panattoni Italy. Questo dettaglio pesa: Trieste ha discusso energia accanto a soggetti che gestiscono città, aeroporti, immobili logistici e piattaforme industriali. La scala del tema quindi supera il singolo cantiere e obbliga a ragionare su sistemi con consumi discontinui. Perché il Forum Perspective è il luogo giusto per questo passaggio La cornice del Forum Perspective Smart City 2026, registrata da Gruppo Maggioli, mette insieme rigenerazione urbana, infrastrutture digitali, questione energetica, mobilità intelligente e logistica urbana. Trieste ha portato dentro questa cornice un caso concreto: una città portuale che sta trasformando un'area storica sul mare e allo stesso tempo deve rendere più pulito e prevedibile il funzionamento delle banchine. Il calendario dell'evento aiuta a leggere la scelta del Comune. La terza giornata era dedicata alle sfide energetiche e al rapporto tra architettura, sostenibilità e città contemporanea, un'impostazione confermata anche dall'Ordine degli Architetti di Roma. Inserire Porto Vivo in quella giornata significa trattare il progetto come un problema di gestione permanente e non come una semplice operazione di recupero immobiliare. Cold ironing: il porto commerciale entra nella logica della potenza disponibile Nel porto commerciale il passaggio tecnico più delicato è l'elettrificazione delle banchine. Il cold ironing consente alle navi in sosta di collegarsi all'alimentazione da terra e ridurre l'uso dei gruppi ausiliari di bordo. La parte visibile è la presa in banchina; la parte decisiva è l'infrastruttura che porta energia e la rende utilizzabile alla frequenza richiesta dalla nave senza interrompere la continuità del terminal. Le schede dell'Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mare Adriatico Orientale confermano che gli interventi di elettrificazione rientrano nella misura PNRR dedicata alle banchine portuali e coinvolgono nodi operativi come Molo VII e Piattaforma Logistica. In termini pratici, Trieste sta costruendo una funzione che incide sul profilo ambientale dello scalo e sulla qualità del servizio offerto a traffici commerciali e navi bianche. Porto Vivo: la centrale sul mare come scelta di governo energetico Porto Vecchio - Porto Vivo ha una caratteristica che molti riassunti sfiorano appena: la rigenerazione produce domanda energetica nuova in un'area che per decenni ha avuto funzioni portuali, depositi e spazi sottoutilizzati. Residenze, alberghi, uffici, servizi, marina e spazi pubblici hanno curve di consumo diverse. Una centrale di teleriscaldamento e raffrescamento sul mare serve a evitare risposte frammentate edificio per edificio e permette di trattare il quartiere come un unico organismo tecnico. La documentazione di Porto Vivo Trieste mostra che il progetto lavora su una riconversione estesa dell'area storica e collega funzioni pubbliche e private dentro un impianto unitario. La centrale energetica diventa quindi il dispositivo che rende compatibile la densità futura con il contesto costiero: calore, raffrescamento, sottoservizi e dorsali tecnologiche devono arrivare prima della piena attivazione delle funzioni urbane. Ricariche elettriche: l’hub conta più della singola colonnina La scelta indicata da Bernetti sugli hub di ricarica chiarisce la direzione: la mobilità elettrica urbana richiede punti di servizio concentrati e manutenzione controllabile, con programmazione dei carichi già incorporata nel progetto. Una rete diffusa senza logica di potenza rischia di generare colli di bottiglia proprio nelle ore di maggiore domanda. Un hub invece permette di dimensionare connessioni, sosta, pagamento, sorveglianza e servizi accessori in modo coerente. Per Trieste questo passaggio ha un valore ulteriore. La città lavora su un'area a mare che attirerà residenti, lavoratori, visitatori e operatori economici. La ricarica diventa parte dell'accessibilità reale del nuovo fronte urbano. La deduzione operativa è evidente: chi progetta Porto Vivo deve già decidere dove si concentra la domanda di energia per auto, mezzi di servizio e micro-mobilità. La sequenza operativa che rende credibile il piano Il piano energetico di Trieste ha senso soltanto se rispetta una sequenza precisa. Prima si portano reti e capacità elettrica nelle aree strategiche, insieme ai sottoservizi. Poi si attivano gli impianti di banchina e i nodi termici del nuovo quartiere. Solo dopo si può pretendere che operatori portuali e investitori immobiliari lavorino con margini prevedibili insieme ai servizi di mobilità. OpenPNRR aiuta a fissare la dimensione finanziaria del segmento portuale, in particolare sul progetto Molo VII collegato all'elettrificazione delle banchine. Il dato utile per il lettore è la natura del vincolo: i cantieri energetici creano standard di servizio che incidono su ormeggi, tempi di sosta, autorizzazioni e capacità di attrarre traffici compatibili con regole ambientali più severe.
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“Dialogo aperto su navi e città”, un incontro tra cittadini e armatori in Capitaneria di Porto - Comune di Genova
📰 Comune di Genova 📅 2026-05-29 📍 Genova it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
“Dialogo aperto su navi e città”, un incontro tra cittadini e armatori in Capitaneria di Porto Comune di Genova
Si è tenuto mercoledì 27 maggio presso la sede della Capitaneria di Porto – Guardia Costiera di Genova l’incontro "Cittadini ed armatori: dialogo aperto su navi e città", organizzato dalla Capitaneria di Porto nell'ambito del percorso di dialogo con la cittadinanza. L'evento ha riunito Armatori, Comitati di cittadini, l'Assessorato all'Ambiente del Comune di Genova e l’Ufficio del Difensore civico, con l'obiettivo di favorire una conoscenza reciproca più approfondita e di individuare percorsi condivisi che possano portare ad un miglioramento della qualità dell'aria in città. L’incontro si è articolato in quattro sessioni tematiche: la presentazione del Rapporto Annuale 2025 della Capitaneria di Porto: «Attività di controllo per la prevenzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico dovuto alle navi»; gli interventi dei comitati dei cittadini sul sistema di monitoraggio della qualità dell’aria e delle navi; l’intervento congiunto di Assarmatori e Confitarma sugli impegni e le azioni del settore armatoriale; la presentazione del Comune di Genova sull’Osservatorio Ambiente e Salute. I lavori si sono conclusi con una sessione di dialogo aperto tra comitati, armatori, Comune e Capitaneria teso a raggiungere una sintesi degli impegni condivisi. RAPPORTO ANNUALE 2025 DELLA CAPITANERIA DI PORTO La Capitaneria di Porto di Genova ha presentato il proprio Rapporto Annuale 2025 sull'attività di controllo per la prevenzione dell'inquinamento atmosferico delle navi. Nel corso dell'anno sono state effettuate 228 ispezioni — su navi italiane e straniere — per un totale di oltre 2.600 controlli individuali. Sono state rilevate 31 deficienze in materia di ossidi di azoto (NOx) e disposti 8 fermi nave. I 32 controlli sul tenore di zolfo nei combustibili (SOx) — di cui 12 con prelievo e analisi di campione in laboratorio — hanno evidenziato una sola irregolarità di natura documentale, prontamente sanata. Nessuna irregolarità è stata rilevata sul fronte del monitoraggio delle emissioni di CO₂ e gas serra. Nel corso della presentazione sono stati mostrati video e foto delle modalità di controllo tecnico e documentale eseguito a bordo dal personale ispettivo del Servizio sicurezza della navigazione. Il Comandante della Capitaneria di porto, Ammiraglio Ranieri, ha sottolineato che «Il porto di Genova è parte della città, non un'entità separata da essa. Per questo il controllo delle emissioni delle navi non è per noi un adempimento burocratico, ma un impegno concreto verso chi vive e lavora in questa città. I numeri di questo rapporto raccontano un lavoro attento, condotto ogni giorno con rigore tecnico e con la consapevolezza che dietro ogni ispezione c'è la qualità dell'aria che respiriamo tutti». IL CONTRIBUTO DEI COMITATI DI CITTADINI DI SAN TEODORO I comitati dei cittadini di San Teodoro hanno portato all’incontro sia il proprio sistema di monitoraggio della qualità dell’aria, gli studi condotti e le criticità rilevate sia le istanze rivolte direttamente agli armatori. I comitati e le Associazioni Palmaro, Porto Aperto, Fondazione PRimAvera, Rigenerazione Centro-Ovest, Quartiere Multedo, inoltre, in un’ottica di aperto dialogo, hanno condiviso le criticità rilevate e le azioni intraprese nel corso degli anni. In particolare, la Rete Associazioni San Teodoro ha dichiarato: «La Rete associazioni San Teodoro apprezza la collaborazione proficua instaurata con la Capitaneria di Porto di Genova, che ha permesso primi passi importanti nel contrasto all’inquinamento da fumi delle navi e ha consentito di avviare un confronto con gli Armatori. A loro abbiamo chiesto di stipulare un accordo con impegni concreti immediati - per ottimizzare i flussi delle navi e il contenimento delle loro emissioni nella criticità del periodo estivo - e a breve termine - per affrontare insieme e in modo strutturale il problema dei fumi [elettrificazione banchine, adeguamento flotte, nuovi carburanti], con un meccanismo che definisca diritti e priorità portuali in funzione delle emissioni, premiando chi investe nella sostenibilità ambientale e sociale». Nel corso dell’incontro, Assarmatori e Confitarma hanno tenuto un intervento congiunto, ribadendo «come da tempo vi sia piena adesione agli obblighi in materia ambientale dettati a livello internazionale, unionale e nazionale, anticipando in alcune occasioni le scadenze fissate dalle normative e confermando quindi l’impegno concreto verso la decarbonizzazione del trasporto marittimo». Inoltre «È stata evidenziata la necessità di accelerare sul fronte industriale la disponibilità di combustibili alternativi sostenibili, promuovere un quadro regolatorio globale chiaro e armonizzato e rafforzare lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture, in particolare per il cold ironing, la produzione e diffusione di fuel alternativi sostenibili, con particolare riguardo a bio‑LNG ed e‑LNG, nonché all’elettrificazione delle banchine». In tale prospettiva, il settore ha espresso «la piena volontà di proseguire il confronto con tutti gli stakeholder per favorire una transizione efficace, sostenibile e condivisa». IL RUOLO DELL'OSSERVATORIO AMBIENTE E SALUTE DEL COMUNE DI GENOVA L'assessora all'Ambiente del Comune di Genova, Silvia Pericu, ha illustrato il ruolo e le attività dell'Osservatorio Ambiente e Salute quale spazio istituzionale di partecipazione e confronto sui temi ambientali della città. «Nell’ambito del percorso avviato con l’Osservatorio Ambiente e Salute, la Capitaneria di Porto – Guardia Costiera si distingue per il costante impegno concreto profuso a favore del dialogo tra cittadini e porto. L’incontro di oggi, che ha messo al centro il confronto tra cittadini e armatori, è un esempio concreto di questa collaborazione volta a rendere sostenibile lo sviluppo della città, in una prospettiva che tenga conto delle istanze di tutte le parti, in raccordo costante tra porto e città». L’assessora ha inoltre aggiunto: «Crediamo che il Comune debba avere un ruolo importante nel promuovere la diffusione dei dati sull'inquinamento ambientale, per mettere i cittadini in condizione di informarsi in maniera corretta su un tema complesso come questo, facendosi propulsore di azioni di informazione e comunicazione». Il lavoro di coordinamento con gli altri soggetti aderenti all'Osservatorio — a partire da ARPAL — prosegue per mettere in atto misure concrete, di concerto con l'Autorità di Sistema Portuale, in vista della stagione estiva. Nel rispetto delle rispettive posizioni e delle legittime aspettative, il dialogo si è svolto in un clima di aperto ascolto e confronto. Ognuno ha potuto esprimere le proprie idee, esperienze e difficoltà, confermando che costruire impegni condivisi e misurabili è possibile solo attraverso il confronto diretto tra le parti. La qualità dell’aria in città dipende da scelte concrete — tecnologie, investimenti, regole, controlli — ed è su questo terreno che si misura la reale volontà di cambiamento. In questo percorso la Capitaneria di Porto – Guardia Costiera di Genova svolge un ruolo che va oltre la funzione ispettiva: garante del rispetto delle norme internazionali in materia ambientale, esercita quotidianamente un’attività di vigilanza e controllo sulle navi che costituisce presidio fondamentale di tutela ambientale nel porto di Genova. Al tempo stesso si fa promotrice di spazi di confronto tra istituzioni, cittadini e operatori del mare, favorendo una comunicazione tra le parti che porti ad obiettivi e risultati condivisibili da tutti.
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Fumi delle navi, cittadini e armatori al tavolo grazie alla Capitaneria: «Servono impegni concreti già per l’estate - - genovaquotidiana.com
📰 - genovaquotidiana.com 📅 2026-05-29 📍 Genova it Aria · inquinamento Clima · decarbonizzazione Elettrificazione · cold ironing
Fumi delle navi, cittadini e armatori al tavolo grazie alla Capitaneria: «Servono impegni concreti già per l’estate - genovaquotidiana.com
La Rete associazioni San Teodoro chiede agli armatori un accordo su misure immediate per contenere le emissioni nei mesi più critici e un percorso strutturale su elettrificazione delle banchine, flotte e carburanti Il porto e la città provano a parlarsi sul tema più sensibile: l’impatto dei fumi delle navi sulla qualità dell’aria. Nella sede della Capitaneria di Porto, Guardia Costiera di Genova, si è svolto l’incontro “Cittadini ed armatori: dialogo aperto su navi e città”, promosso dalla Capitaneria nell’ambito del percorso di confronto con la cittadinanza. Al tavolo hanno partecipato armatori, comitati, associazioni, Comune di Genova, ufficio del Difensore civico e soggetti impegnati da anni sul fronte ambientale, con l’obiettivo di mettere a confronto dati, criticità e possibili impegni condivisi. Il punto politico e operativo più rilevante arriva dalla Rete associazioni San Teodoro, che, a valle dell’incontro e in attesa della convocazione dell’Osservatorio Salute Ambiente del Comune, ha scritto agli armatori riepilogando le proprie proposte per contrastare l’inquinamento prodotto dai fumi delle navi. La rete chiede interventi immediati per mitigare le criticità dei mesi estivi e, nello stesso tempo, un percorso a breve termine che affronti il problema in modo strutturale. Per i cittadini, la base di lavoro potrebbe diventare un accordo tra portatori di interessi diversi, ma accomunati dalla necessità di costruire un rapporto più virtuoso tra Genova e il suo porto, tenendo insieme sostenibilità ambientale, sostenibilità sociale e attività economiche. «La Rete associazioni San Teodoro apprezza la collaborazione proficua instaurata con la Capitaneria di Porto di Genova, che ha permesso primi passi importanti nel contrasto all’inquinamento da fumi delle navi e ha consentito di avviare un confronto con gli armatori», hanno dichiarato i rappresentanti della rete. «A loro abbiamo chiesto di stipulare un accordo con impegni concreti immediati, per ottimizzare i flussi delle navi e il contenimento delle loro emissioni nella criticità del periodo estivo, e a breve termine, per affrontare insieme e in modo strutturale il problema dei fumi, con elettrificazione delle banchine, adeguamento delle flotte e nuovi carburanti, attraverso un meccanismo che definisca diritti e priorità portuali in funzione delle emissioni, premiando chi investe nella sostenibilità ambientale e sociale». L’incontro è stato articolato in più momenti di confronto. La Capitaneria ha presentato il Rapporto annuale 2025 sull’attività di controllo per la prevenzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico dovuto alle navi, i comitati hanno illustrato monitoraggi, studi e criticità rilevate nei quartieri esposti alle emissioni portuali, le associazioni armatoriali hanno esposto gli impegni del settore e il Comune ha presentato il lavoro dell’Osservatorio Ambiente e Salute. La sessione conclusiva è stata dedicata al dialogo diretto tra comitati, armatori, Comune e Capitaneria, con l’obiettivo di arrivare a una sintesi degli impegni possibili. Nel Rapporto annuale 2025, la Capitaneria ha dato conto di 228 ispezioni svolte su navi italiane e straniere, per un totale di oltre 2.600 controlli individuali. Sono state rilevate 31 deficienze in materia di ossidi di azoto e disposti 8 fermi nave. I controlli sul tenore di zolfo nei combustibili sono stati 32, 12 dei quali con prelievo e analisi di campione in laboratorio, e hanno portato all’accertamento di una sola irregolarità di natura documentale, poi sanata. Nessuna irregolarità è stata rilevata sul monitoraggio delle emissioni di anidride carbonica e dei gas serra. Durante la presentazione sono state mostrate anche immagini e video delle verifiche tecniche e documentali eseguite a bordo dal personale ispettivo del Servizio sicurezza della navigazione. Il comandante della Capitaneria di Porto, ammiraglio Piero Ranieri, ha rimarcato il legame diretto tra attività portuale e vita urbana. «Il porto di Genova è parte della città, non un’entità separata da essa. Per questo il controllo delle emissioni delle navi non è per noi un adempimento burocratico, ma un impegno concreto verso chi vive e lavora in questa città. I numeri di questo rapporto raccontano un lavoro attento, condotto ogni giorno con rigore tecnico e con la consapevolezza che dietro ogni ispezione c’è la qualità dell’aria che respiriamo tutti». I comitati di San Teodoro hanno portato al tavolo il proprio sistema di monitoraggio della qualità dell’aria, gli studi condotti nel tempo e le istanze rivolte direttamente agli armatori. Al confronto hanno partecipato anche le associazioni Palmaro, Porto Aperto, Fondazione PRimAvera, Rigenerazione Centro-Ovest e Quartiere Multedo, che hanno condiviso le criticità registrate nei rispettivi territori e le azioni avviate negli anni. Il tema ricorrente è stato quello della necessità di passare dal confronto alla definizione di misure verificabili, soprattutto in vista della stagione estiva, quando condizioni climatiche, traffici e permanenza delle navi possono rendere più evidente il problema delle emissioni. Assarmatori e Confederazione italiana armatori hanno ribadito la piena adesione del settore agli obblighi ambientali fissati a livello internazionale, europeo e nazionale, sostenendo che in alcune occasioni le compagnie hanno anticipato le scadenze normative e confermando l’impegno verso la decarbonizzazione del trasporto marittimo. Gli armatori hanno indicato come nodi decisivi la disponibilità industriale di combustibili alternativi sostenibili, un quadro regolatorio globale chiaro e armonizzato, lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture per l’elettrificazione delle banchine e la diffusione di carburanti alternativi, con particolare attenzione al gas naturale liquefatto biologico e al gas naturale liquefatto sintetico. Il settore ha dichiarato la volontà di proseguire il confronto con tutti i soggetti coinvolti per una transizione efficace e condivisa. Per il Comune di Genova, l’assessora all’ambiente Silvia Pericu ha illustrato il ruolo dell’Osservatorio Ambiente e Salute come spazio istituzionale di partecipazione e confronto sui temi ambientali. «Nell’ambito del percorso avviato con l’Osservatorio Ambiente e Salute, la Capitaneria di Porto, Guardia Costiera, si distingue per il costante impegno concreto profuso a favore del dialogo tra cittadini e porto. L’incontro di oggi, che ha messo al centro il confronto tra cittadini e armatori, è un esempio concreto di questa collaborazione volta a rendere sostenibile lo sviluppo della città, in una prospettiva che tenga conto delle istanze di tutte le parti, in raccordo costante tra porto e città», ha dichiarato Pericu. L’assessora ha aggiunto che il Comune deve avere un ruolo importante nella diffusione dei dati sull’inquinamento ambientale, così da consentire ai cittadini di informarsi correttamente su un tema complesso e da promuovere azioni di comunicazione e informazione. Il lavoro di coordinamento con gli altri soggetti dell’Osservatorio, a partire dall’Agenzia regionale per la protezione dell’ambiente ligure, proseguirà per individuare misure concrete insieme all’Autorità di sistema portuale, in particolare in vista dell’estate. Il confronto si è svolto in un clima di ascolto tra posizioni diverse e aspettative legittime, ma il passaggio atteso ora riguarda la capacità di trasformare il dialogo in impegni misurabili. La qualità dell’aria, come emerso durante l’incontro, dipende da controlli, tecnologie, investimenti, regole e scelte operative: sarà su questo terreno che si misurerà la reale volontà di cambiamento. In questo percorso la Capitaneria di Porto, Guardia Costiera di Genova, mantiene un ruolo centrale. Da una parte esercita la funzione di controllo e vigilanza sulle navi, a presidio del rispetto delle norme ambientali internazionali; dall’altra sta assumendo un ruolo di facilitatore del confronto tra istituzioni, cittadini e operatori del mare. La richiesta che arriva dai quartieri più esposti è che questo dialogo porti ora a risultati concreti, a partire dalle misure per ridurre l’impatto dei fumi nei mesi estivi. La Rete Associazioni San Teodoro è convocata per il 10 giugno alle 17:00 all’Anpi via Digione 50 per aggiornare sugli ultimi eventi e decidere le prossime azioni urgenti in vista del traffico estivo. L’ incontro è aperto a tutte le Associazioni e cittadini interessati. Se non volete perdere le notizie seguite il nostro sito GenovaQuotidiana il nostro canale Bluesky, la nostra pagina X e la nostra pagina Facebook (ma tenete conto che Facebook sta cancellando in modo arbitrario molti dei nostri post quindi lì non trovate tutto). E iscrivetevi al canale Whatsapp dove vengono postate solo le notizie principali Mi piace: Mi piace Caricamento in corso…
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